1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Geophysical Prospecting
  4. Volume 66, Issue 8
  5. Article
Volume 66, Issue 8
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Selecting a seismic time‐to‐depth conversion method can be a subjective choice that is made by geophysicists, and is particularly difficult if the accuracy of these methods is unknown. This study presents an automated statistical approach for assessing seismic time‐to‐depth conversion accuracy by integrating the cross‐validation method with four commonly used seismic time‐to‐depth conversion methods. To showcase this automated approach, we use a regional dataset from the Cooper and Eromanga basins, Australia, consisting of 13 three‐dimensional (3D) seismic surveys, 73 two‐way‐time surface grids and 729 wells. Approximately 10,000 error values (predicted depth vs. measured well depth) and associated variables were calculated. The average velocity method was the most accurate overall (7.6 m mean error); however, the most accurate method and the expected error changed by several metres depending on the combination and value of the most significant variables. Cluster analysis tested the significance of the associated variables to find that the seismic survey location (potentially related to local geology (i.e. sedimentology, structural geology, cementation, pore pressure, etc.), processing workflow, or seismic vintage), formation (potentially associated with reduced signal‐to‐noise with increasing depth or the changes in lithology), distance to the nearest well control, and the spatial location of the predicted well relative to the existing well data envelope had the largest impact on accuracy. Importantly, the effect of these significant variables on accuracy were found to be more important than choosing between the four methods, highlighting the importance of better understanding seismic time‐to‐depth conversions, which can be achieved by applying this automated cross‐validation method.

© 2018 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers © 2018 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
2018-07-27
2024-04-19

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Al‐ChalabiM.1974. An analysis of stacking, RMS, average, and interval velocities over a horizontally layered ground. Geophysical Prospecting22, 458–475.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Al‐ChalabiM.1997. Time‐depth relationships for multilayer depth conversion. Geophysical Prospecting45, 715–720.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. AmrouchK.2010. Apport de l'analyse microstructurale à la comprehension des mécanismes de plissement. Exemples de structures plissées aux USA (Wyoming) et en Iran (Zagros). Thèse, Université Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris6, 2010‐03, 477 p.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. AmrouchK., LacombeO., BellahsenN., DanielJ.M. and Callot, J.P.2010a. Stress and strain patterns, kinematics and deformation mechanisms in a basement‐cored anticline: sheep mountain anticline Wyoming. Tectonics29, TC1005.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. AmrouchK., RobionP., CallotJ.P., LacombeO., DanielJ.M., BellahsenN.et al. 2010b. Constraints on deformation mechanisms during folding provided by rock physical properties: a case study at Sheep Mountain anticline (Wyoming, USA). Geophysical Journal International182, 1105–1123.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. ApakS.N., StuartW.J., LemonN.M. and WoodG.1997. Structural evolution of the Permian‐Triassic Cooper Basin, Australia: relation to hydrocarbon trap styles. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin81, 533–555.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. BaergJ.R.1991. Traveltime in media with linear velocity‐depth functions. Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology Research Report27, 461–466.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. BaileyW.R., UnderschultzJ., DewhurstD.N., KovackG., MildrenS. and RavenM.2006. Multi‐disciplinary approach to fault and top seal appraisal; Pyrenees–Macedon oil and gas fields, Exmouth Sub‐basin, Australian Northwest Shelf. Marine and Petroleum Geology23, 241–259.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. BellefleurG., SchetselaarE., WhiteD., MiahK. and DueckP.2015. 3D seismic imaging of the Lalor volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Manitoba, Canada. Geophysical Prospecting63, 813–832.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. BlackM., McCormackK.D., EldersC. and RobertsonD.2017. Extensional fault evolution within the Exmouth Sub‐basin, North West Shelf, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology85, 301–315.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. BorazjaniS., KulikowskiD., AmrouchK. and BedrikovetskyP.2018. Composition changes of hydrocarbons during secondary petroleum migration. The APPEA Journal58, 784–787.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. BradshawM.T.1993. Australian petroleum systems. PESA Journal21, 43–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. BurginH.B., AmrouchK., RajabiM., KulikowskiD. and HolfordS.P.2018. Determining structural environments through natural fracture and calcite twin analysis: a case study in the Otway Basin. The APPEA Journal58, 238–254.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. ChanH.A. and PaikH.J.1987. Superconducting gravity gradiometer for sensitive gravity measurements. Physical Review35, 3551–3571.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. DevijverP.A. and KittlerJ.1982. Pattern Recognition: A Statistical Approach. Prentice‐Hall.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. DireenN.G. and CrawfordA.J.2003. The Tasman Line: where is it, what is it, and is it Australia's Rodinian breakup boundary? Australian Journal of Earth Sciences50, 491–502.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. EfronB. and TibshiraniR.1994. An introduction to the bootstrap. Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  18. EtrisE.L., CrabtreeN.J., DewarJ. and PickfordS.2001. True depth conversion: more than a pretty picture. CSEG recorder, 26, 11–22.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Grant‐WoolleyL., KongA., SchoemakerB., NasreddinH. and MontagueE.T.2014. Identification of strike‐slip faults provides insights into the further development of mature Cooper Basin fields.SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, SPE 171492‐MS, Adelaide, Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. GravestockD.I. and Jensen‐SchmidtB.1998. Structural Setting. In: The petroleum geology of South Australia Cooper Basin, Vol. 4 (eds D.I.Gravestock , J.E.Hibburt and J.F.Drexel ), pp. 47–67. PIRSA.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. GrayM.E.2017. Analytical techniques for evaluating seal capacity for carbon dioxide storage in selected Australian basins. Doctoral dissertation, The Australian School of Petroleum, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. HainesP.W., HandM. and SandifordM.2001. Palaeozoic synorogenic sedimentation in central and northern Australia: a review of distribution and timing with implications for the evolution of intracontinental orogens. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences48, 911–928.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. HillisR.R., MacklinT.A. and SiffleetP.1995. Regional depth‐conversion of mapped seismic two‐way‐times in the Cooper–Eromanga Basins. Exploration Geophysics26, 412–418.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. HloušekF., HellwigO. and BuskeS.2015. Three‐dimensional focused seismic imaging for geothermal exploration in crystalline rock near Schneeberg, Germany. Geophysical Prospecting63, 999–1014.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. HuangY. and MacBethC.2012. Direct correlation of 4D seismic with well activity for a clarified dynamic reservoir interpretation. Geophysical Prospecting60, 293–312.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. HudsonG. and WackernagelH.1994. Mapping temperature using kriging with external drift: theory and an example from Scotland. International Journal of Climatology14, 77–91.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. KantslerA.J., PrudenceT.J.C., CookA.C. and ZwigulisM.1983. Hydrocarbon habitat of the Cooper/Eromanga basin, Australia. Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal23, 75–92.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. KaufmanL. and RousseeuwP.J.2009. Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis, 344 pp. John Wiley and Sons.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. KohaviR.1995. A study of cross‐validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence14, 1137–1145.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. KuangK.S.1985. History and style of Cooper‐Eromanga Basin structures. Exploration Geophysics16, 245–248.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. KulikowskiD.2017. Modern structural analysis of subsurface provinces: A case study on the Cooper and Eromanga basins, Australia. Doctoral dissertation, The Australian School of Petroleum, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. KulikowskiD. and AmrouchK.2017. Combining geophysical data and calcite twin stress inversion to refine the tectonic history of subsurface and offshore provinces: a case study on the Cooper–Eromanga Basin, Australia. Tectonics36, 515–541.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. KulikowskiD. and AmrouchK.2018a. 3D seismic analysis investigating the relationship between stratigraphic architecture and structural activity in the intra‐cratonic Cooper and Eromanga basins, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 91, 381–400.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. KulikowskiD. and AmrouchK.2018b. 4D Modelling of fault reactivation using complete paleostress tensors from the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. KulikowskiD., AmrouchK. and BurginH.B.2018a. Mapping permeable subsurface fracture networks: a case study on the Cooper Basins, Australia. Journal of Structural Geology.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. KulikowskiD., AmrouchK. and CookeD.2016b. Geomechanical modelling of fault reactivation in the Cooper Basin, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences63, 295–314.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. KulikowskiD., AmrouchK., CookeD. and GrayM.E.2018a. Basement structural architecture and hydrocarbon conduit potential of polygonal faults in the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin, Australia. Geophysical Prospecting66, 366–396.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. KulikowskiD., CookeD. and AmrouchK.2016c. Constraining the distribution and relationship between overpressure, natural fracture density and temperature in the Cooper Basin. The APPEA Journal56, 11–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. KulikowskiD., HochwaldC., CookeD. and AmrouchK.2016a. A statistical approach to assessing depth conversion uncertainty on a regional dataset: Cooper‐Eromanga Basin, Australia. ASEGPESA—AIG 2016 Conference, Adelaide, Abstract #200, 484–490.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Lowe‐YoungB.S., MackieS.I. and HeathR.S.1997. The Cooper‐Eromanga Petroleum System, Australia, in: Proceedings of the Petroleum Systems of SE Asia and Australasia Conference 199–211. Indonesian Petroleum Association.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. MorleyC.K.2009. Geometry and evolution of low‐angle normal faults (LANF) within a Cenozoic high angle rift system, Thailand: implications for sedimentology and the mechanisms of LANF development. Tectonics28, TC5001.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Ortiz‐KarpfA., HodgsonD.M., JacksonC.A.L. and McCaffreyW.D.2018. Mass‐transport complexes as markers of deep‐water fold‐and‐thrust belt evolution: insights from the southern Magdalena fan, offshore Colombia. Basin Research, 30, 65–88.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. PokalaiK., KulikowskiD., JohnsonR.L.Jr., HaghighiM. and CookeD.2016. Development of a new approach for hydraulic fracturing in tight sand with pre‐existing natural fractures. The APPEA Journal56, 225–238.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. PreissW.2000. The Adelaide Geosyncline of South Australia and its significance in Neoproterozoic continental reconstruction. Precambrian Research100, 21–63.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. RobsonA.G.2017. Normal fault growth analysis using 3D seismic datasets located along Australia's southern margin. Doctoral dissertation, School of Physical Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. RobsonA.G, HolfordS.P., KingR.C. and KulikowskiD.2018. Structural evolution of horst and half‐graben structures proximal to a transtensional fault system using a 3D seismic dataset from the Shipwreck Trough, offshore Otway Basin, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology89, 615–634.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. ScarselliN., McClayK. and EldersC.2016. Seismic geomorphology of cretaceous megaslides offshore Namibia (Orange Basin): insights into segmentation and degradation of gravity‐driven linked systems. Marine and Petroleum Geology75, 151–180.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. SchofieldN., HolfordS., MillettJ., BrownD., JolleyD., PasseyS.R.et al. 2017. Regional magma plumbing and emplacement mechanisms of the Faroe‐Shetland Sill Complex: implications for magma transport and petroleum systems within sedimentary basins. Basin Research29, 41–63.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. YilmazÖ.2001. Seismic Data Analysis. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
Loading
An automated cross‐validation method to assess seismic time‐to‐depth conversion accuracy: a case study on the Cooper and Eromanga basins, Australia
Geophysical Prospecting 66, 1521 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12669
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): 3D; Data processing; Interpretation; Seismic; Velocity

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error