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Seismic traveltime tomography for engineering and exploration applications

image of Seismic traveltime tomography for engineering and exploration applications
  • By Bodo Lehmann
  • Format: EPUB
  • Publication Year: 2007
  • Number of Pages: 273
  • Language: English
  • Ebook ISBN: 9789462820166

Tomographic imaging of seismic velocities is probably the most novel application of the seismic method to high resolution exploration and monitoring of the subsurface. It is a pleasure to make available a comprehensive state-of-the-art book giving an excellent overview of seismic tomography explaining the current status of the method, describing it and evaluating the possibilities and the potential for future developments.
The book covers a wide range of applications of seismic tomography in geotechnological and geoscientific investigations, in particular for engineering and exploration. The intent to be practical is well met with many field examples and problems, without neglecting the basic principles needed to understand the examples more deeply and to judge the quality of the imaging. A very comprehensive list of references to specific and general publications on the subject allows access to more detailed information.
Bodo Lehmann has succeeded very well in making seismic tomography understandable and useful to the geoscientific and geoengineering community and beyond. This is the most comprehensive book currently available on seismic tomography. It is suitable not only for professional geophysicists, geologists and engineers but also for study at the graduate level.

Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 Motivation and goals
1.2 Structure of book
1.3 History
1.4 Applications of geophysical tomography
1.4.1 Additional applications
1.4.1.1 Applications in global seismology
1.4.1.2 Tomographic images of trees
1.4.1.3 X-ray tomography

Chapter 2 - State of the art
2.1 Fundamentals of seismic tomography
2.1.1 Back-projection (BP)
2.1.2 Matrix inversion (conjugate gradient method, CG; least square method, LSQR)
2.1.3 Analytic reconstruction (Fourier methods, filtered back projection)
2.1.4 Iterative reconstruction (ART, SIRT)
2.1.5 Comparison of the different tomographic inversion methods
2.2 Mathematical background of the SIRT method
2.3 Basic tomographic processing

Chapter 3 - Quality, resolutions and uncertainty in tomography
3.1 Quality aspects
3.1.1 Influence of errors in source or receiver coordinates
3.1.2 Influence of trigger/constant delays
3.2 Resolution limitation
3.2.1 Criteria for planning a tomographic survey
3.2.2 Resolution of dipping layers
3.2.3 Grid element sizes
3.2.4 Distances between boreholes
3.3 Effect of anisotropy
3.4 Tomographic inversion using amplitudes
3.5 Influence by the operator

Chapter 4 - Field examples of seismic crosshole tomography
4.1 Ore exploration
4.2 Radioactive waste disposal
4.3 Tomography in a crooked plane
4.4 Seismic tomography to explore fissure zones below houses in the area of a stress system induced by deep coal mining activities

Chapter 5 - Tomography from the surface without using boreholes, VSP and reflection tomography
5.1 Seismic surface wave tomography
5.2 Diving wave tomography (refraction tomography)
5.3 VSP-tomography
5.4 Reflection tomography
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Reflection tomography using Gaussian beams
5.4.2.1 Suitable forward modelling
5.4.2.2 Strategy for the inversion
5.4.2.2 Strategy for the inversion of traveltime data
5.4.2.3 Numerical models
5.4.2.4 Analogue model
5.4.3 Demonstration of a system for the integrated inversion of surface data for coal mining
5.4.3.1 Introduction
5.4.3.2 Preparation of the data set
5.4.3.3 Initial model setup
5.4.3.4 Structural geological features within the first selected area
5.4.3.5 Inversion problems of the first selected area
5.4.3.6 Tomographic inversion

Chapter 6 - Seam wave tomography
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Tomographic inversion of traveltimes of seam waves using dispersion analysis
6.3 Back-projection of frequencies
6.4 Results of tomographic processing of in-seam seismic waves
6.4.1 Results of traveltime tomography with seam waves
6.4.2 Comparison of the results from traveltime tomography with seam waves and from dispersion analysis
6.4.3 Correlation between seismic velocity and the thickness of dirt beds

Chapter 7 - Recent developments with new ideas
7.1 General remarks
7.2 Innovative acquisition techniques (‘road view‘)
7.3 Tomographic imaging of sewer surroundings
7.4 Imaging ahead of the tunnel working face
7.5 Variable grid size
7.6 Interpretation of tomographic results
7.7 Future outlook

Chapter 8 - Summary and conclusions

Chapter 9 - References
9.1 Cited references
9.2 Global bibliographical references

Chapter 10 - Nomenclature
10.1 List of symbols
10.2 List of acronyms

Chapter 11 - List of Figures


Chapter 12 - Index

References

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