1887
Volume 17, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The proton magnetometers, also known as the proton precession magnetometers, are among the most widely used instruments for magnetometry surveys, owing to their high resolution which is about 0.01 nT. As the economically attractive ferromagnetic deposits generate a magnetic field anomaly which exceeds 100 nT, this resolution is not needed for detecting such large signals. The recently introduced magneto‐inductive technology has led to the development of a low‐cost magnetometer that can measure the ground magnetic field up to a resolution of around 10 nT. These magnetometers are inexpensive, come in a very small size, and are lightweight compared to the more common magnetometers such as the proton precession type. In this research, a low‐cost magneto‐inductive sensor and a highly precise proton magnetometer are simultaneously utilized at the same profiles on the Galali iron ore deposit in the northwest of Iran. The discrepancy of two measurements is less than 400 nT, often less than 100 nT, while the changes in the total magnetic field on this anomaly are around 7500 nT, which is 11 times larger than the maximum difference between the two measurements. In addition, the value of the regression coefficient between the two measurements for all profiles is more than 0.97. Also, the slope of the fitted line for the two measurements for all profiles is close to one. These results demonstrate the applicability of the new low‐cost magneto‐inductive sensor in magnetic prospecting.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12026
2018-12-27
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. BlakelyR.J.1995. Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. CarusoM.J.2000. Low cost compass systems. IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium, March 2000, pp. 177–184. IEEE.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Central Iron Ore Co
    Central Iron Ore Co . 1991. Preliminary exploration of Hamakassi iron deposits, 134p (in Persian).
  4. GEM Systems, Inc.
    GEM Systems, Inc.2015. GSM‐19 v7.0 instruction manual release 7.4 0–12.
  5. GhoseR.2012. A microelectromechanical system digital 3C array seismic cone penetrometer. Geophysics77, WA99–WA107.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Google Earth [WWW Document]
    Google Earth [WWW Document] . 2018. http://www.google.com/earth/index.html (accessed 8.19.18).
  7. GuoP., QiuH., YangY. and RenZ.2008. The soft iron and hard iron calibration method using extended Kalman filter for attitude and heading reference system. IEEE/ION PLANS, Position Location and Navigation Symposium, Monterey, CA, May 2008, pp. 1167–1174. IEEE.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gunn, P.J. and Dentith, M.C.1997. Magnetic responses associated with mineral deposits. J. Aust. Geol. Geophys. 17, 145–158.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. HemanthK.S., TalasilaV. and RaoS.2012. Calibration of 3‐axis magnetometers. IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC‐PapersOnline), Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp. 735–740. IFAC.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. HinzeW.J., Von FreseR.R.B. and SaadA.H.2013. Gravity and Magnetic Exploration: Principles, Practices, and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. JensenH.1961. The airborne magnetometer. Scientific American. 204, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.2307/24937496.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. KeareyP., BrooksM. and HillI.1986. An introduction to geophysical exploration. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union67, 132.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. KokM., HolJ., SchönT., GustafssonF. and LuingeH.2012. Calibration of a magnetometer in combination with inertial sensors. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Fusion, Singapore, July 2012, pp. 787–793. IEEE.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. KubikJ., PavelL., RipkaP. and KasparP.2018. Low‐power PCB fluxgate sensor. IEEE Sensors Journal7, 432–435.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. KuncarA., SyselM. and UrbanekT.2016. Calibration of low‐cost triaxial magnetometer. 20th International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and Computers, Corfu Island, Greece, July 2016. EDP Sciences.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. LenzJ. and EdelsteinS.2006. Magnetic sensors and their applications. IEEE Sensors Journal6, 631–649.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. LeuzingerA. and TaylorA.2010. PNI magneto‐inductive technology overview white paper.
  18. LiuY.X., LiX.S., ZhangX.J. and FengY.B.2014. Novel calibration algorithm for a three‐axis strapdown magnetometer. Sensors (Basel)14, 8485–8504.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. MerayoJ.M.G., BrauerP., PrimdahlF., PetersenJ.R. and NielsenO.V.2000. Scalar calibration of vector magnetometers. Measurement Science and Technology11, 120–132.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Micromag3 Data Sheet
    Micromag3 Data Sheet [WWW Document]. 2005. https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/MicroMag3%20Data%20Sheet.pdf. (accessed 12.18.18).
  21. OlsenN., Tøffner‐ClausenL., SabakaT.J., BrauerP., MerayoJ.M.G., JørgensenJ.L., LegerJ.M., NielsenO.V., PrimdahlF. and RisboT.2003. Earth Planets Space, 55, 11–18.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. PfaffR.F., BorovskyJ.E. and YoungD.T.1998. Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Fields. American Geophysical Union.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. PNI Sensor Corporation [WWW Document]
    PNI Sensor Corporation [WWW Document] . 2018. https://www.pnicorp.com/ (accessed 6.24.18).
  24. PonderB.M., SheinkerA. and MoldwinM.B.2016. Using cellphone magnetometers for science on cubesats. Journal of Small Satellites5, 449–456.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. RaineyF.1965. Proton magnetometry and its application to archaeology: an evaluation at angel site. Richard B. Johnston. American Anthropologist67, 1060–1061.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. RegoliL.H., MoldwinM.B., PellioniM., BronnerB., HiteK., SheinkerA.et al. 2018. Investigation of a low‐cost magneto‐inductive magnetometer for space science applications. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data System7, 129–142.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. RenaudinV., AfzalM.H. and LachapelleG.2010. Complete triaxis magnetometer calibration in the magnetic domain. Journal of Sensors, 2010, 10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/967245.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. RipkaP.2002. Magnetic sensors and magnetometers. Measurement Science and Technology13, 645.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. RipkaP. and JanosekM.2010. Advances in magnetic field sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal10, 1108–1116.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. SpringmannJ.C., SlobodaA.J., KleshA.T., BennettM.W. and CutlerJ.W.2012. The attitude determination system of the RAX satellite. Acta Astronaut75, 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAASTRO.2012.02.001
    [Google Scholar]
  31. TelfordW., GeldartL.P and SheriffR.1990. Applied Geophysics. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. VčelákJ., RipkaP., KubíkJ., PlatilA. and KašparP.2005. AMR navigation systems and methods of their calibration. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical123–124, 122–128.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. WolfT. and VogelT.2010. Experimental trials on the detection of reinforcement breaks with the magnetic flux leakage method. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, Philadelphia, PA, July 2010, pp. 536–543. CRC Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ZamanianH.2007. Geology of the Galali iron mineralization related to the south Ghorveh batholith, western Iran. Journal of Earth Science1, 47–65.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12026
Loading
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12026
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Magnetometer; Magneto‐inductive; Proton

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error