1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Near Surface Geophysics
  4. Volume 21, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 21, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

Abstract

The widely used tool, ground penetrating radar (GPR), has proven to be an excellent research method for glaciological studies. The total ice thickness and englacial structures can be studied, and the method can give information on the temperature regime within the ice. Good velocity profiles are needed to convert measured two‐way travel time to depth information. In addition, a good velocity analysis can be used to improve data processing. A number of methods can be used to find the GPR wave velocity, which are briefly described. This study used hyperbola fitting to estimate the velocity in a glaciological study. In addition, Kirchhoff's migration was used to fine‐tune this velocity estimate. Within the Longyearbreen glacier, situated next to Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago, objects in the ice act as scattering points that create hyperbolas. Using the hyperbola‐fitting method, a GPR wave velocity equal to 0.170 ± 0.005 m/ns was estimated. By doing Kirchhoff's migration and studying the collapse of hyperbolas with variations of the migration velocity, a more accurate velocity estimate can be achieved; 0.172 ± 0.002 m/ns. A more accurate velocity estimate like this opens possibilities for better characterization of the ice body and ice thickness variations, as well as the variation of these as a function of time. In March 2022, the maximum ice thickness in the investigated area was calculated to be 88 ± 1 m.

© 2023 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. © 2023 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12250
2023-05-16
2024-04-25

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12250
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Angelis, D., Warren, C., Diamanti, N., Martin, J. & Annan, A.P. (2022) The effects of receiver arrangement on velocity analysis with multi‐concurrent receiver GPR data. Near Surface Geophysics, 20, 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12235
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Annan, A.P. (2005) Ground‐penetrating radar. In: Butler, D.K. (Ed.) Near‐surface geophysics. SEG Investigations in Geophysics, book no. 13. Tusla, OK: SEG, pp. 357–438.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Arcone, S.A. (2009) Glaciers and ice sheets. In: Jol, H.M. (Ed.) Ground penetrating radar: Theory and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp. 361–392.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bogorodsky, V.V., Bentley, C.R. & Gudmandsen, P.E. (1985) Radioglaciology. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐99.009
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Björnsson, H., Gjessing, Y., Hamran, S.‐E., Hagen, J.O., Liestøl, O., Palsson, F. et al. (1996) The thermal regime of sub‐polar glaciers mapped by multi‐frequency radio‐echo sounding. Journal of Glaciology, 42(140), 23–32.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Catalado, A., Persico, R., Leucci, G., Benedetto, E.D., Cannazza, G., Matera, L. et al. (2014) Time domain reflectometry, ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography: a comparative analysis of alternative approaches for leak detection in underground pipes. NDT&E International, 62(2014), 14–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Dix, C.H. (1955) Seismic velocities from surface measurements. Geophysics, 20(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438126
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Eisen, O., Nixdorf, U., Wilhelms, F. & Miller, H. (2002) Electromagnetic speed in polar ice: validation of the common‐midpoint technique with high‐resolution dielectric‐profiling and γ‐density measurements. Annals of Glaciology, 34, 150–156. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals‐of‐glaciology/article/electromagnetic‐wave‐speed‐in‐polar‐ice‐validation‐of‐the‐commonmidpoint‐technique‐with‐highresolution‐dielectricprofiling‐and‐density‐measurements/453D67B4E50F41C271B87401F1A16245
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Etzelmüller, B., Ødegård, R.S., Vatne, G., Mysterud, R.S., Tonning, T. & Sollid, J.L. (2000) Glacier characteristics and sediment transfer system of Longyearbreen and Larsbreen, western Spitsbergen. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 54, 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/002919500448530
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Forte, E., Pipan, M. & Colucci, R.R. (2012) GPR velocity and amplitude analysis to characterize the stratigraphy and estimate the ice density: An example from the Eastern Glacier of Mt. Canin (Alpine Chain, Italy). In: 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Shanghai, China, 4–8 June 2012. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, pp. 646–652. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6254942/keywords#keywords
  11. Forte, E., Dossi, M., Pipan, M. & Colucci, R.R. (2014) Velocity analysis from common offset GPR data inversion: theory and applications to synthetic and real data. Geophysics Journal International, 197, 1471–1483. https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/197/3/1471/2874195?login=false
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Hamann, G. (2014) Ground penetrating radar wave velocities and their uncertainties. Dr. rer. Nat. Thesis. University of Potsdam. https://publishup.uni‐potsdam.de/opus4‐ubp/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/43680/file/liebs_diss.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hamran, S.‐E. (1996) Radar in glaciology. Unpublished Lecture notes. University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS).
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Hansen, L.U., Piotrowski, J.A., Benn, D.I. & Sevestre, H. (2020) A cross‐validated three‐dimensional model of an englacial and subglacial drainage system in a High‐Arctic glacier. Journal of Glaciology, 66(256), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.1
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Holt, J.W. (2007) Geophysics on Ice: Antarctica. Fast Times 12 April 2007.
  16. Humlum, O., ElberlingB., HormesA., FjordheimK., Harald HansenO., & HeinemeierJ. (2005) Late‐Holocene glacier growth in Svalbard, documented by subglacial relict vegetation and living soil microbes. The Holocene, 15(3), 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1191/F0959683605hl817rp
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Jol, H.M. (2009) Ground penetration radar. Theory and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780444533487/ground‐penetrating‐radar‐theory‐and‐applications
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Kovacs, A., Gow, A.J. & Morey, R.M. (1995) The in‐situ dielectric constant of polar firn revisited. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 23(3), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165‐232X(94)000‐16Q
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Marchenko, S., Pohjala, V.A., Pettersson, R., van Pelt, W.J.J., Vega, C.P., Machguth, H., et al. (2017) A plot‐scale study of firn stratigraphy at Lomomosovfonna, Svalbard, using ice cores, borehole video and GPR surveys in 2012 –20914. Journal of Glaciology, 63(237), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.118
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Murry, W., Williams, C., Lewis, C. & Josh, M. (2000) Single‐hole borehole radar detection of layered structures orthogonal to the borehole. Proceedings of SPIE. 4084, Eighth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (27 April 20 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383481.
  21. Nasser, E., Lee, R. & Young, L. (1999) A probe antenna for in‐situ measurements of the complex dielectric constant of materials. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 47, (6).
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Persico, R. & Morelli, G. (2020) Combined migration and time‐depth conversions in GPR prospecting: application to reinforced concrete. Remote Sensing12, 2778. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172778
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Reynolds, J.M. (2011) An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics, 2nd edition, Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Riger‐Kusk, M. (2006) Hydrology and hydrochemistry of a high Arctic glacier: Longyearbreen, Svalbard. Master thesis Aarhus University, Denmark and University Courses of Svalbard, Norway.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Sensors & Software (2022) Glacier mapping (downloaded in April 2022). https://www.sensoft.ca/wp‐content/uploads/2017/03/pulse_EKKO‐PRO_Glacier_Mapping.pdf
  26. Sevestre, H., Benn, D.I., Hulton, N.R.J. & Bælum, K. (2015) Thermal structure and implications for thermal switch models of glacier surging. Journal of Geophysical Research, Earth Surface, 120, 2220–2236, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003517
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Thomson, L.I., Osinski, G.R. & Pollard, W.H. (2012) The dielectric permittivity of terrestrial ice formations: considerations for planetary exploration using ground‐penetration radar. Journal of Geophysical Research, Planets, 117, (E9), E09003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JE004053
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Ulaby, F.T., Moore, R.K. & Fung, A.K. (1986) Microwave remote sensing, active and passive, Volume III. Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Utsi, E.C. (2017) Ground penetrating radar. theory and practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081022160/ground‐penetrating‐radar
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12250
Loading
Finetuning ground penetrating radar velocity analysis from hyperbola fitting using migration
Near Surface Geophysics 21, 171 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12250
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12250
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12250
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): dielectric properties; ground penetrating radar; hyperbola fitting; migration; wave velocity analysis

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error