1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Near Surface Geophysics
  4. Volume 21, Issue 6
  5. Article
Volume 21, Issue 6
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

Abstract

Jet grouting is one of the ground improvement techniques that are currently more widely used for upgrading gravity quays, especially to increase their berth depth. Irregular columns are formed because of a rotating high‐pressure injection of a cementitious fluid in the ground that mixes with the natural soil. Despite its popularity, there is hardly any field experimentation on the stiffness gain of the mixture, especially under the base of port caissons. As fresh columns behave like a dense fluid with an excess of pore pressure, the evolution of mixture stiffness, especially at early ages after injection, is a key aspect when programming working windows for ground improvement, drill locations, sequencing and timing. Otherwise, crane rails, pavement and other services are at risk of undergoing undesirable local movements. One of the upgrading programs of the Port Authority of Valencia, Spain, is the increase of the berth depth of its quays, many engineered as concrete caissons. The concern about the temporary local loss of the foundation stiffness during the execution of each jet grouting column prompted research to find an in situ procedure capable of measuring the stiffness evolution of the jet grouting columns at early ages. This paper presents a successful procedure using PS suspension logging, expanding its scope of geotechnical engineering applicability in an innovative way. The use of the technique for the intended purpose and the execution process itself stands out as a novelty, with the insertion of the borehole casing pipe through the axis of the recently executed column. The key outcomes of this research are: (1) the novelty of studying the evolution of the stiffness in the early ages of the jet grouting columns executed under port caissons, where it is not possible to execute test columns; and (2) to propose an adequate and reliable method at the beginning of the works to plan the injection sequence of the next columns of jet grouting.

© 2023 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. © 2023 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12258
2023-12-01
2025-07-20

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12258
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AL‐Kinani, A.M. & Ahmed, M.D. (2020) Field study of the effect of jet grouting parameters on strength based on tensile and unconfined compressive strength. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 737, 4th International Conference on Buildings, Construction and Environmental Engineering 7–9 October 2019, Istanbul, Turkey.
  2. Arkhipov, A. (2016) Check and monitoring of condition of concrete slurry wall, jet‐grouting and frozen soil fences by crosshole sounding method in underground construction. Procedia Engineering, 165, 11–18.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Arroyo, M., Gens, A., Alonso, E., Modoni, G. & Croce, P. (2007) Informes Sobre Tratamientos de Jet Grouting. ADIF LAV Madrid‐Barcelona‐Francia, Tramo Tarrasa‐Sants. Informe de la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, p. 110. Barcelona.
  4. Asanza, E. (2019) Métodos predictivos en proyectos de precargas de suelos blandos. Jornadas Técnicas SEMSIG‐AETESS 19ª Sesión Avances en las técnicas de mejora del terreno y cimentaciones especiales. February 2019. CEDEX, Madrid. https://www.aetess.com/jornadas
  5. ASTM Standard D4428/D4428M‐14 . (2014) Standard test methods for cross‐hole seismic testing. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Padura, A.B., Sevilla, J.B., Navarro, J.G., Bustamante, E.Y. & Crego, E.P. (2014) Study of the soil consolidation using reinforced jet grouting by geophysical and geotechnical techniques: “La Normal” building complex (Granada). Construction and Building Materials, 23(3), 1389–1400.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Burgos, M. & Sola, P. (2022) Metodología empleada en el control técnico de ejecución y propiedades geomecánicas de las columnas de jet grouting, para aumento de calado en los muelles del Puerto de Valencia. 7 XI Simposio Nacional de Ingeniería Geotécnica. May 24–27, 2022. Mieres, Asturias. Spain. pp. 1189–1196.
  8. Burke, G.K. (2012) The State of the Practice of Jet Grouting. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing, February 15–18, 2012. New Orleans, Louisiana, United States pp. 74–88 In: Edited by ASCE Library.
  9. CEDEX, Laboratorio de Geotecnia . (2008) Estudio geofísico del tratamiento del terreno realizado en el muelle “Ingeniero Juan Gonzalo” (Huelva). CEDEX, Ministerio de Fomento, Clave 82‐403‐9‐007, mayo de 2008. Informe parcial no 15, Tomo único, 152 p.
  10. Cheng, S.H., Liao, H.J., Yamazaki, J. & Wong, R.K.N. (2017) Evaluation of jet grout column diameters by acoustic monitoring. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 54(12), 1781–1789.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Croce, P., Flora, A. & Modoni, G. (2014) Jet grouting: technology, design and control. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ellis, D.V. & Singer, J.M. (2007) Well logging for earth scientists. Dordrecht: Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Fahad Hossain, A.S.M., Islam, N. & Ansary, A. (2015) Use of PS logging and ground response analysis using DEEPSOIL in Buet‐Jidpus, Buet, Dhaka. International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering (IJISME), 3(3), 2319–6386. ISSN.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Flora, A., Modoni, G., Lirer, S. & Croce, P. (2013) The diameter of single, double and triple fluid jet grouting columns: prediction method and field trial results. Géotechnique, 63, 934–945.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Galindo, J.C., Niederleithinger, E., Mackens, S. & Fechner, T. (2016) Crosshole and downhole seismics: a new quality assurance tool for jet grouting columns. Near Surface Geophysics, 14, 493–501.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Kang, G.O., Tsuchida, T. & Kim, Y.S. (2017) Strength and stiffness of cement‐treated marine dredged clay at various curing stages. Constructions and Buildings Materials, 132, 71–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. KELLER Cimentaciones, S.L.U. (2019) Catalogue 67‐03ES. https://www.keller.com.es/sites/keller‐es/files/2019‐05/e‐catalogo‐jet‐grouting‐soilcrete‐keller‐cimentaciones.pdf
  18. Kimpritis, T. (2014) The control of column diameter and strength in Jet Grouting processes and the influence of ground conditions. Ph.D. thesis. Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: 114 p.
  19. Kitsunezaki, C. (1980) A new method of shear wave logging. Geophysics, 45, 1489–1506.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Kramer, S.L. (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., pp. 653.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Pérez‐Santisteban, I., García‐Mayordomo, J., Martín, A.M. & Carbó, A. (2011) Comparison among SASW, ReMi and PS‐logging techniques: application to a railway embankment. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 73, 59–64.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Porbaha, A., Ghaheri, F. & Puppala, A.J. (2006) Estimation of in‐situ moduli of deep soil cement using P‐S logger. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2005, Osaka. vol. 1–5, pp. 1253–1256.
  23. Robertson Geologging LTD . (2010) PS logger Operations Manual. Page 5 of 47. https://www.robertson‐geo.com/ps‐logger
  24. Shen, S.L., Wang, Z.F., Yang, J. & Ho, C.E. (2013) Generalized approach for prediction of jet grout column diameter. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139, 2060–2069.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Stokoe, K.H., II. & Santamarina, J.C. (2000) Seismic‐wave‐based testing in geotechnical engineering. In: Keynote Paper, International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, GeoEng 2000, Melbourne, Australia, November 19–24, 2000.
  26. Subramaniam, P. & Banerjee, S. (2020) Dynamic properties of cement‐treated marine clay. International Journal of Geomechanics, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943‐5622.0001673
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Tassi, T., Zannoner, D. & Belleri, A. (2019) Zagreb pier container terminal project in Rijeka – Croatia: earthquake engineering and geotechnical aspects. In: 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ICEGE). June 17–20, 2019. Rome, Italy.
  28. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. (1990) Applied geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Tijera, A., Asanza, E., Ruiz, R. & Ruiz, J.M. (2019) Geophysical and geotechnical characterization of soft marine soils in port infrastructures. In: XVII European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ISSMGE, September 1–6, 2019. Reykjavik.
  30. Tinoco, J., Correia, A.G. & Cortez, P. (2014) A novel approach to predicting Young's modulus of jet grouting laboratory formulations over time using data mining techniques. Engineering Geology, 169, 50–60.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Toraldo, C., Modoni, G., Ochmański, M. & Croce, P. (2017) The characteristic strength of jet‐grouted material. Géotechnique, 68(3), 262–279.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Tovar, E., Sánchez, M. & Carvajal, E. (2019) Jet grouting applications for the soil reinforcement under caisson quay walls and mitigation of seismic effects in Gibraltar. XVI Pan‐American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (XVI PCSMGE). November 17–20, 2019. Cancún, Mexico.
  33. Tsinker, G.P. (1997) Modernization of existing marine facilities. In: Handbook of port and harbor engineering. Boston, MA: Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Wang, Z.F., Shen, S.L., Modoni, G. & Zhou, A. (2020) Excess pore water pressure caused by the installation of jet grouting columns in clay. Computers and Geotechnics, 125(12), 103667.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12258
Loading
Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging
Near Surface Geophysics 21, 444 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12258
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12258
/content/journals/10.1002/nsg.12258
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): foundation; geotechnical; seismic; stiffness; S‐wave

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error