Geochemical Zonation in the Sunda Volcanic Arc, and the Origin of K-Rich Lavas

I.A. Nicholls; D.J. Whitford

doi:10.1071/EG978093

ISSN: 0812-3985
E-ISSN: 1834-7533

Geochemical Zonation in the Sunda Volcanic Arc, and the Origin of K-Rich Lavas
Authors I.A. Nicholls^a and D.J. Whitford^b
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^a Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, , Clayton, , Victoria, 3168 ^b Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie institution, , Washington, , D.C., , U.S.A.
Publisher: Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Source: Exploration Geophysics, Volume 9, Issue 3, Sep 1978, p. 93 - 98
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EG978093
- Published online: 01 Sep 1978

Abstract

The Sunda volcanic arc provides a good example of variation in the geochemistry of lavas across an island arc. In addition to the well-known correlation between K20/Si02 ratios and depths to Benioff Zone in Pleistocene-RecentJavas of Java, there are well-defined relationships for ‘incompatible’ elements (Rb, Cs, Ba) and light rare earth elements. Estimated primary magma compositions for individual volcanic centres of Java indicate a progressive change in the conditions of primary basaltic magma production across the arc. The proportion of partial melting of peridotitle upper mantle appears to decrease from about 25% for olivine tholeiite magmas associated with tholeiitic lava series, to 5 – 10% for basanite primary magmas of high-K caic-alkaline lava series. The corresponding depths of final equilibration of magmas with crystalline residues increase from about 30 km to 60 km. These variations in conditions of magma production are probably superimposed upon an increase in the content of K and incompatible elements in the magma sources. The distinctive potassium-rich, strongly undersaturated Pleistocene lavas of northern Java probably originated from magmas produced at greater depth, in mantle enriched in phlogopite. Preliminary liquidus phase relationships for a primitive leucite basanite indicate a maximum depth of mantle origin of about 80 km. Such a composition could not be derived by melting of a Iherzoiite mantle in the presence of H20 alone, and the probable presence of C02 in the mantle is indicated.

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Geochemical Zonation in the Sunda Volcanic Arc, and the Origin of K-Rich Lavas

Abstract

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