Effects of Geological Structure and Geophone Field Configuration on Seismic Velocity Accuracies

Gregory J Blackburn

doi:10.1071/EG982048

ISSN: 0812-3985
E-ISSN: 1834-7533

Effects of Geological Structure and Geophone Field Configuration on Seismic Velocity Accuracies
Authors Gregory J Blackburn^a
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^a Petrecon Australia Pty Ltd, 19 Goulburn Street Ho bart, Tas. 7001
Publisher: Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Source: Exploration Geophysics, Volume 13, Issue 3, Sep 1982, p. 48 - 58
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EG982048
- Received: 04 May 1981
- Published online: 01 Sep 1982

Abstract

In the seismic reflection method the determination of vertical signal velocities is of basic importance, but timing perturbations which result from raypath distortion may cause discrepancies in the process of calculating true velocities from the velocities obtained by a stacking process. In particular, if different configurations of geophones (‘field configurations’) are employed over an area, the ‘stacking velocities’ obtained can vary greatly with different shot-to-receiver distances, even though a constant separation ('spread length') of the geophones is maintained. In this paper the modelling of raypaths in some simple geological sections shows that the combined effects of both velocity errors and timing errors may be so significant as to obscure the resolution needed in the method for the detection of subtle hydrocarbon traps.

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References

Al-Chalabi, M. (1973), ‘Series approximation in velocity and travel time computations’, Geophys. Prospect.21, 783-795.
Al-Chalabi, M. (1974), ‘An analysis of stacking, rms, average, and interval velocities over a horizontally layered ground'. Geophys. Prospect.22, 458-475.
Blackburn, G. J. (1980), ‘Errors in stacking velocity - true velocity conversion over complex geological situations’. Geophysics45, 1465-1488.
Blackburn, G. J. (1981), ‘Seismic static corrections in irregular or steeply dipping water-bottom environments’. Bull. Aust. Soc. Explor. Geophys.12, 93-100.
Brown, R. J. S. (1969), ‘Normal moveout and velocity relations for flat and dipping beds and for long offsets’. Geophysics34, 180-195.
Dix, C. H. (1955), ‘Seismic velocities from surface measurements’. Geophysics20, 68-86.
May, B. T. & Hron, F. (1978), ‘Synthetic seismic sections of typical petroleum traps’, Geophysics43, 1119-1147.
Miller, M. K. (1974), ‘Stacking of reflections from complex structures’. Geophysics39, 427-440.
Levin, F. K. (1979), ‘Seismic velocities in traversely isotropic media’, Geophysics44, 918-936.
Shah, P. M. & Levin, F. K. (1973), ‘Gross properties of time distance curves’, Geophysics38, 643-656.
Taner, M. T. & Koehler, F. (1969), ‘Velocity spectra - digital derivation and applications of velocity functions’. Geophysics34, 859-881.

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Article Type: Research Article

Keyword(s): accuracy; configuration; geo-phone; geological; migration; raypath modelling; reflection; seismic; structure; velocity

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Effects of Geological Structure and Geophone Field Configuration on Seismic Velocity Accuracies

Abstract

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