Imaging of VSP Data

S. A. Greenhalgh; M. Suprajitno

doi:10.1071/EG986081

ISSN: 0812-3985
E-ISSN: 1834-7533

Imaging of VSP Data
Authors S. A. Greenhalgh^a and M. Suprajitno^b
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^a School of Earth SciencesFlinders University of South Australia, , Bedford Park, , SA, 5042, , Australia ^b Lemigas, Cipulus, , PO Box 89/JKT,Jakarta, , Indonesiaa
Publisher: Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Source: Exploration Geophysics, Volume 17, Issue 2, Jun 1986, p. 81 - 85
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/EG986081
- Published online: 01 Jun 1986

Abstract

Migration of VSP data can be effectively accomplished using a focused-lag sum imaging technique, similar to the Kirchoff ‘diffraction stack’ method. The imaging procedure is sufficiently flexible to handle the irregular source-receiver geometry associated with walkaway-source and deviated hole VSP. Signal dispersion is readily accommodated by admitting both group and phase velocity parameters. The migration can be performed on transmission data (downgoing wave) to yield a velocity map or on reflection data (upgoing wave) to produce a reflector map. The accuracy of both reflector mapping and velocity mapping depends on the nature and form of the signal. Pulse compression and multiple suppression are desirable pre-processing operations. The technique has been tested on synthetic VSP data and successfully applied to shallow VSP data collected in the Sydney Basin coalfields. For the real data, average velocities of the coal measure sequence and blurred images of the main seams were obtained. An equivalent section migration technique, based on least-squares theory, is formulated in the Appendix.

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References

Alam M. A., Cassell B. R. & Millahn K. D. (1984). ‘Reflector mapping with offset VSP – accuracy of event positioning’. Presented at 46th Meeting of the EAEG. London, June 19-22.
Berkhout A. J. & Van Wulfften Palthe D. W. (1979). ‘Migration in terms of spatial deconvolutions’, Geophvs. Prosp. 27,261-291.
Bleistein N. & Cohen J. (1981), ‘High-frequency velocity inversion and migration with true amplitude’, Presented at 51 st Annual Int‘l SEG Meeting, Los Angeles, October 11-15.
Claerbout J. F. (1970), ‘Coarse grid calculations of waves in inhomogeneous media with application to delineation of complicated seismic structures’. Geophysics 35, 407-418.
Claerbout J. F. & Doherty S. M. (1972), ‘Downward continuation of movement corrected seismograms’, Geophysics 37,741-768.
Dillon P. B. & Thomson R. C. (1984), ‘Offset source VSP survey and their image reconstruction’, Geophvs. Prosp. 32, 790-811.
French W. F. (1975), ‘Computer migration of oblique seismic reflection profiles’, Geophysics 40, 961-980.
Gazdag J. (1978), ‘Wave equation migration with the phase-shift method’, Geophysics 43, 1342-1351.
Gazdag J. & Squazzero P. (1983). ‘Migration of vertical seismic profiles by phase shift plus interpolation’, Presented al 45th Annual Meeting of EAEG, Oslo, June 14-17.
Mason I. M., Buchanan D. J. & Boocr A. K. (1980), ‘Fault location by underground seismic survey’, Proceedings of IEE, 322-336.
Schneider W. A. (1978), ‘Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions’, Geophysics 43, 49-76.
Stolt R. H. (1978).‘Migration by Fourier transform’, Geophysics, 43, 23-48.
Stone W. R. (1981), ‘An analytic solution to the source term in the inverse scattering problem’, Presented at 51st Annual Int’l Meeting, Los Angeles, October 11-15.
Suprajitno M. & Greenhalgh S. A. (1985), ‘Separation of upgoing and downgoing waves in VSP by contour-slice filtering’, Geophysics 50, 950-962.

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Article Type: Research Article

Keyword(s): imaging; migration; VSP data

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Imaging of VSP Data

Abstract

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