1887
Volume 54, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 0812-3985
  • E-ISSN: 1834-7533

Abstract

ABSTRACT

In shallow waters, the interpretation of the frequency-domain marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data is challenging due to the airwave. The airwave dominates and will lead to misinterpretation of the data set. A differential-field approach is presented to attenuate the airwave for the shallow-water marine CSEM data. The difference of the fields between two consecutive receivers or source points is calculated and weighted by the geometric spreading related factor. By using differential fields, the detectability given by the field ratio between the models with and without the target is enhanced, which indicates that the impact of airwaves is suppressed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1080/08123985.2023.2176747
2023-09-03
2026-01-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Amundsen, L., L.Løseth, R.Mittet, S.Ellingsrud, and B.Ursin. 2006. Decomposition of electromagnetic fields into upgoing and downgoing components. Geophysics71: G211–G223. doi:10.1190/1.2245468.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2245468 [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen, J., and D.L.Alumbaugh. 2011. Three methods for mitigating airwaves in shallow water marine controlled-source electromagnetic data. Geophysics76: F89–F99. doi:10.1190/1.3536641.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3536641 [Google Scholar]
  3. Constable, S.2010. Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration. Geophysics75: 75A6767–7575A81. doi:10.1190/1.3483451.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3483451 [Google Scholar]
  4. Constable, S., and C.J.Weiss. 2006. Mapping thin resistors and hydrocarbons with marine EM methods: Insights from 1D modeling. Geophysics71: G43–G51. doi:10.1190/1.2187748.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2187748 [Google Scholar]
  5. Li, Y., and G.Li. 2016. Electromagnetic field expressions in the wavenumber domain from both the horizontal and vertical electric dipoles. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering13: 505–515. doi:10.1088/1742‑2132/13/4/505.
    https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/13/4/505 [Google Scholar]
  6. Løseth, L.O., L.Amundsen, and A.J.Jenssen. 2010. A solution to the airwave-removal problem in shallow-water marine EM. Geophysics75: A37–A42. doi:10.1190/1.3475359.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3475359 [Google Scholar]
  7. Løseth, L.O., and B.Ursin. 2007. Electromagnetic fields in planarly layered anisotropic media. Geophysical Journal International170: 44–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365‑246X.2007.03390.x.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03390.x [Google Scholar]
  8. Mittet, R.2008. Normalized amplitude ratios for frequency-domain CSEM in very shallow water. First Break26: 47–54. doi:10.3997/1365‑2397.2008016.
    https://doi.org/10.3997/1365-2397.2008016 [Google Scholar]
  9. Mittet, R., and J.P.Morten. 2013. The marine controlled-source electromagnetic method in shallow water. Geophysics78: E67–E77. doi:10.1190/GEO2012‑0112.1.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2012-0112.1 [Google Scholar]
  10. Nordskag, J.I., and L.Amundsen. 2007. Asymptotic airwave modeling for marine controlled-source electromagnetic surveying. Geophysics72: F249–F255. doi:10.1190/1.2786025.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2786025 [Google Scholar]
  11. Streich, R., and M.Becken. 2011. Sensitivity of controlled-source electromagnetic fields in planarly layered media. Geophysical Journal International187: 705–728. doi:10.1111/j.1365‑246X.2011.05203.x.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05203.x [Google Scholar]
  12. Wait, J.R.1961. The electromagnetic fields of a horizontal dipole in the presence of a conducting half-space. Canadian Journal of Physics39: 1017–1028. doi:10.1139/p61‑111.
    https://doi.org/10.1139/p61-111 [Google Scholar]
  13. Ward, S.H., and G.W.Hohmann. 1988. Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics. In Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics: voume 1, theory. Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). doi:10.1190/1.9781560802631.ch4
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802631.ch4 [Google Scholar]
  14. Zhdanov, M.S.2010. Electromagnetic geophysics: Notes from the past and the road ahead. Geophysics75: 75A4949–7575A66. doi:10.1190/1.3483901.
    https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3483901 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1080/08123985.2023.2176747
Loading
/content/journals/10.1080/08123985.2023.2176747
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): airwave; differential fields; Electromagnetic theory

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error