The marine controlled source electromagnetic response of a steel borehole casing: applications for the NEPTUNE Canada gas hydrate observatory

References

1. the Expedition 311 Project Team
   CollettT.S., RiedelM., MaloneM.J. and the Expedition 311 Project Team . 2005. Cascadia margin hydrates. IODP Scientific Prospectus 311.
   [Google Scholar]
2. ConstableS. and WeissC.2006. Mapping thin resistors and hydrocarbons with marine EM methods: Insights from 1D modelling. Geophysics 71, G43‐G51.
   [Google Scholar]
3. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
   CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 2003. 84th ed.CRC Press, Boca Raton .
4. EdwardsR.N.1997. On the Resource Evaluation of Marine Gas Hydrate Deposits Using a Sea Floor Transient Electric Dipole–Dipole Method. Geophysics 62, 63–74.
   [Google Scholar]
5. HarringtonR.F.1968. Field computation by moment methods . MacMillan, New York .
   [Google Scholar]
6. HolladayJ.S. and WestG.F.1984. Effect of well casings on surface electrical surveys. Geophysics 47, 177–188.
   [Google Scholar]
7. JohnstonR.H., TrofimenkoffF.N. and HaslettJ.W.1992. The complex resistivity response of a homogenous earth with a finite‐length contained vertical conductor. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30, 46–54.
   [Google Scholar]
8. KnightJ.H. and RaicheA.P.1982. Transient electromagnetic calculations using the Gaver‐Stehfest algorithm. Geophysics 47, 47–50.
   [Google Scholar]
9. KongF.N., RothF, OlsenP.A. and StalheimS.O.2009. Casing effects in the sea‐to‐borehole electromagnetic method. Geophysics 74, F77–F87.
   [Google Scholar]
10. MirR.2011. Design and deployment of a controlled source EM instrument on the NEPTUNE observatory for long‐term monitoring of methane hydrate deposits. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto .
11. MirR. and EdwardsR.N.2011. The assessment and evolution of offshore gas hydrate deposits using seafloor controlled source electromagnetic methodology. 81st SEG meeting, San Antonio , USA , 30, P682.
12. PriceA., MikkelsenG. and HamiltonM.2010. 3D CSEM over Frigg – dealing with cultural noise. 80th SEG meeting, Denver , USA , 30, P670.
13. RaoS., WiltonD. and GlissonA.1982. Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 30, 409–418.
    [Google Scholar]
14. T.Collett
    RiedelM., WilloughbyE.C., HyndmanR.D., SpenceG.D., ChapmanN.R., EdwardsN., ChenM.A. P., NovoselI. and SchwalenbergK.2009. Gas hydrates at the Northern Cascadia Margin, In Natural Gas Hydrates – Energy Resource Potential and Associated Geological Hazards , (eds. T.Collett , A.Johnson , C.Knapp and R.Boswell ). AAPG Memoir 89.
    [Google Scholar]
15. SchwalenbergK., WilloughbyE.C., MirR. and EdwardsR.N.2005. Marine gas hydrate signatures in Cascadia and their correlation with seismic blank zones. First Break 23, 57–63.
    [Google Scholar]
16. SchwalenbergK., HaeckelM., PoortJ. and JegenM.2010. Evaluation of gas hydrate deposits in an active seep area using marine controlled source electromagnetics: Results from Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Marine Geology 272, 79–88.
    [Google Scholar]
17. SingerB.S. and StrackK.M.1998. New aspects of through‐casing resistivity theory. Geophysics 63, 52–63.
    [Google Scholar]
18. SmytheW.R.1968. Static and dynamic electricity . 3rd edition, McGraw‐Hill, New York .
    [Google Scholar]
19. StehfestH.1970. Algorithm 368, numerical inversion of Laplace transforms. Communications of the ACM 13, 47–49.
    [Google Scholar]
20. SwidinskyA.2011. Transient electromagnetic modelling and imaging of thin resistive targets: Applications for gas‐hydrate assessment. PhD. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto .
21. SwidinskyA. and EdwardsR.N.2010. The transient electromagnetic response of a resistive sheet: An extension to three‐dimensions. Geophysical Journal International 182, 663–674.
    [Google Scholar]
22. TabarovskyL.A., CramM.E., TamarchenkoT.V., StrackK.M. and ZingerB.S.1994. Through‐casing resistivity (TCR) physics, resolution and 3‐D effects. Presented at SPWLA, Thirty‐Fifth Annual Logging Symposum, Paper TT.
23. WaitJ.R. and WilliamsJ.T.1985. EM and IP response of a steel well casing for a four‐electrode surface array. Part I: Theory. Geophysical Prospecting 33, 723–735.
    [Google Scholar]
24. WeitemeyerK.2008. Marine Electromagnetic Methods for Gas Hydrate Characterization, PhD. Thesis, University of California, San Diego .
25. WestG.F. and EdwardsR.N.1985. A simple parametric model for the electromagnetic response of an anomalous body in a host medium. Geophysics 50, 2542–2557.
    [Google Scholar]
26. WilloughbyE.C., MirR., SchollC. and EdwardsR.N.2008. NEPTUNE‐Canada Based Geophysical Imaging of Gas Hydrate in the Bullseye Vent. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates Vancouver, British Columbia , CANADA , July 6–10, 2008.
    [Google Scholar]
27. WuX. and HabashyT.M.1994. Influence of steel casings on electromagnetic signals. Geophysics 59, 378–390.
    [Google Scholar]
28. YuanJ. and EdwardsR.N.2000. The assessment of marine gas hydrate through electrial remote sounding electrical remote sounding: Hydrate without a BSR?, Geophysical Research Letters 27, 2397–2400.
    [Google Scholar]