Forced imbibition into a limestone: measuring P‐wave velocity and water saturation dependence on injection rate

References

1. AkinS., SchembreJ.M., BhatS.K. and KovscekA.R.2000. Spontaneous imbibition characteristics of diatomite. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering25, 149–165.
   [Google Scholar]
2. AlbrightJ., CassellB., DangerfieldJ., DeflandreJ.‐P., JohnstadS. and WithersR.1994. Seismic surveillance for monitoring reservoir changes. Oilfield Review6(1).
   [Google Scholar]
3. ArnsC.H., BaugetF., LimayeA., SakellariouA., SendenT.J., ShepardA.P.et al. 2005. Pore‐scale characterization of carbonates using X‐ray microtomography. SPE 90638.
4. AssefaS., McCannC. and SothcottJ.2003. Velocities of compressional and shear waves in limestones. Geophysical Prospecting51, 1–13.
   [Google Scholar]
5. BerrymanJ.G., BergeP.A. and BonnerB.P.2002. Estimating rock porosity and fluid saturation using only seismic velocities. Geophysics67(2) 391–404.
   [Google Scholar]
6. BirovljevA., FurubergL., FederJ., JosangT., MaloyK.J. and AharonyA.1991. Gravity invasion percolation in two dimensions: experiment and simulation. Physical Review Letters67(5) 584–588.
   [Google Scholar]
7. CadoretT., MarionD. and ZinsznerB.1995. Influence of frequency and fluid distribution on elastic wave velocities in partially saturated limestones. Journal of Geophysical Research100 (B6) 9789–9803.
   [Google Scholar]
8. CadoretT., MavkoG. and ZinsznerB.1998. Fluid distribution effect on sonic attenuation in partially saturated limestones. Geophysics63(1) 154–160.
   [Google Scholar]
9. DerluynH., GriffaM., MannesD., JerjenI., DewanckeleJ., VontobelP.Et al. 2013. Characterizing saline uptake and salt distributions in pororus limestone with neutron radiography and X‐ray micro‐tomography. Journal of Building Physics0(0), 1–22.
   [Google Scholar]
10. DingM. and KatnzasA.2004. Capillary number correlations for gas‐liquid systems. SEP 2004‐062.
11. GargA., ZwahlenE. and PatzekT.W.1996. Experimental and Numerical Studies of One‐Dimensional Imbibition in Berea Sandstone. in the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual American Geophysical Union Hydrology Days, 171–183, Denver, USA
    [Google Scholar]
12. GuéguenY. and PalciauskasV.1994. Introduction to the Physics of Rocks. Princeton University Press . 392.
    [Google Scholar]
13. JearuldG.R. and SalterS.J.1989. The effect of pore‐struture on hysteresis in relative permeability and capillary pressure: pore‐level modeling. Transport in Porous Media5, 103–151.
    [Google Scholar]
14. KarimaieH. and TorsaeterO.2007. Effect of injection rate, initial water saturation and gravity on water injection in slightly water‐wet fractured porous media. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering58, 293–308.
    [Google Scholar]
15. KetchamR.A. and CarlsonW.D.2001. Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X‐ray computed tomography imagery: applications to the geosciences. Computer & Geosciences27, 381–400.
    [Google Scholar]
16. LebedevM., Toms‐StewartJ., ClennellB., ShulakovaV., PatersonL., MüllerT. et al. 2009. Direct laboratory observation of patchy saturation and its effects on ultrasonic velocities. The Leading Edge28, 24–27.
    [Google Scholar]
17. LopesS. and LebedevM.2012. Research note: laboratory study of the influence of changing the injection rate on the geometry of the fluid front and on p‐wave ultrasonic velocities in sandstone. Geophysical Prospecting60, 572–580.
    [Google Scholar]
18. LumleyD.E.2001. Time‐lapse seismic reservoir monitoring. Geophysics66(1) 50–53.
    [Google Scholar]
19. MacDowellN., FlorinN., BuchardA., HallettJ., GalindoA., JacksonG.et al. 2010. An overview of CO2 capture technologies. Energy and Environmental Science3, 1645–1669.
    [Google Scholar]
20. MavkoG., MukerjiT. and DvorkinJ.1998. The rock physics handbook: Tools for seismic analysis in porous media. Cambridge University Press , 503
    [Google Scholar]
21. MeleánY., BrosetaD. and BlosseyR.2003. Imbibition fronts in porous media: effects of initial wetting fluid saturation and flow rate. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering39, 327–336.
    [Google Scholar]
22. MüllerT.M., GurevichB. and LebedevM.2010. Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion due to wave‐induced flow in porous rocks – A review. Geophysics75(5), A147–A164.
    [Google Scholar]
23. NoirielC., Luquot MadeB., RaimbaultL., GouzeP. and LeeJ.2009. Changes in reactive surface area during limestone dissolution: an experimental and modelling study. Chemical Geology265, 160–170.
    [Google Scholar]
24. PerkinsF.M.1957. An Investigation of the role of capillary forces in laboratory water floods. AIME Technical note. SPE 840‐G.
25. Rangel‐GermanE.R. and KovscekA.R.2002. Experimental and analytical study of multidimensional imbibition in fractured porous media. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering36, 45–60.
    [Google Scholar]
26. RiazA., TangG.Q., TchelepiH.A. and KovscekA.R.2007. Forced imbition in natural porous media: comparison between experiments and continuum models. Physical ReviewsE(75), 036305.
    [Google Scholar]
27. SchembreJ.M. and KovscekA.R.2003. A technique for measuring two‐phase relative permeability in porous media via X‐ray CT measurements. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering39, 159–174.
    [Google Scholar]
28. SkjævelandS.M. and KleppeJ.1992. SPOR monograph: recent advances in improved oil recovery methods for north sea sandstone reservoirs . Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Stavanger.
    [Google Scholar]
29. StrandS., AustadT., PuntervoldT., HognesenE.J., OlsenM. and BarstadS.M.F.2008. “Smart water” for oil recovery from fractured limestone: a preliminary study. Energy and Fuels22, 3126–3133.
    [Google Scholar]
30. TangG.‐Q. and KovcsekA.R.2011. High resolution imaging of unstable, forced imbibition in Berea sandstone. Transport of Porous Media86, 617–634.
    [Google Scholar]
31. TaylorJ.1997. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements. University Science Books. 327 pp.
    [Google Scholar]
32. TeufelL.W., RhettD.W. and FarrellH.E.1991. Effect of reservoir depletion and pore pressure drawdown on in situ stress and deformation in the Ekofisk Field, North Sea in the Proceedings of 32nd U.S.symposium for Rock Mechanics, Norman, Oklahoma.
    [Google Scholar]
33. TomsJ., MüllerT.M., CizR. and GurevichB.2006. Comparative review of theoretical models for elastic wave attenuation and dispersion in partially saturated rocks. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering26, 548–565.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Toms‐StewartJ., MüllerT.M., GurevichB. and PetersonL.2009. Statistical characterization of gas‐patch distributions in partially saturated rocks. Geophysics74(2) WA51.
    [Google Scholar]
35. TserkovnyakY. and JohnsonD.L.2003. Capillary forces in the acoustics of patchy‐saturated porous media. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America114(5), 2596–2606.
    [Google Scholar]
36. UdeyN.2012. Waves: Coupled porosity and saturation waves in porous media inMathematical and numerical modelling in porous media: applications in Geosciences. CRC Press, 303–333.
    [Google Scholar]
37. YortsosY.C. and HuangA.B.1986. Linear‐stability analysis of immiscible displacement: Part 1 – Simple basic flow properties. SEP 12692
38. YousefA.A., GentilP., JensenJ.L. and LakeL.W.2006. A capacitance model to infer interwell connectivity from production‐ and injection‐rate fluctuations. Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering SPE 95322.
39. ZhangL., BryantS.L., JenningsJ.W., ArbogastT.J. and ParuchuriR.2004. Multiscale flow and transport in highly heterogeneous carbonates. SPE 90336.