1887
Volume 65 Number 1
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Diffractions play a vital role in seismic processing as they can be utilized for high‐resolution imaging applications and analysis of subsurface medium properties like velocity. They are particularly valuable for anisotropic media as they inherently possess a wide range of dips necessary to resolve the angular dependence of velocity. However, until recently, the focus of diffraction imaging or inversion algorithms have been only on the isotropic approximation of the subsurface. Using diffracted waves, we develop a framework to invert for the effective η model. This effective model is obtained through scanning over possible effective η values and selecting the one that best fits the observed moveout curve for each diffractor location. The obtained effective η model is then converted to an interval η model using a Dix‐type inversion formula. The inversion methodology holds the potential to reconstruct the true η model with sufficiently high accuracy and resolution properties. However, it relies on an accurate estimation of diffractor locations, which in turn requires good knowledge of the background velocity model. We test the effectiveness and applicability of our method on the vertical transverse isotropic Marmousi model. The inversion results yield a reasonable match even for the complex Marmousi model.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12417
2016-07-31
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Al‐DajaniA. and FomelS.2010. Fractures detection usingmulti‐azimuth diffractions focusing measure: is it feasible? 80th SEG meeting, Denver, USA, Expanded Abstracts, 287–291.
  2. AlkhalifahT.1997a. An anisotropic marmousi model. SEP‐95: Stanford Exploration Project, 265–282.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. AlkhalifahT.1997b. Seismic data processing in vertically inhomogeneous TI media. Geophysics62(2), 662–675.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. AlkhalifahT.2000. An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic media. Geophysics65(4), 1239–1250.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. AlkhalifahT.2011a. Scanning anisotropy parameters in complex media. Geophysics76(2), U13–U22.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. AlkhalifahT.2011b. Traveltime approximations for transversely isotropic media with an inhomogeneous background. Geophysics76(3), WA31–WA42.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. AlkhalifahT.2015. Conditioning the full‐waveform inversion gradient to welcome anisotropy: Geophysics80(3), R111–R122.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. AlonaiziF., PevznerR., BonaA., ShulakovaV. and GurevichB.2013. 3D diffraction imaging of linear features and its application to seismic monitoring. Geophysical Prospecting61(6), 1206–1217.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. AsgedomE.G., GeliusL.‐J., AustengA. and TygelM.2011. A new approach to post‐stack diffraction separation. 81st SEG meeting, San Antonio, USA, Expanded Abstracts.
  10. AsgedomE.G., GeliusL.‐J. and TygelM.2013. 2D common‐offset traveltime based diffraction enhancement and imaging. Geophysical Prospecting61(6), 1178–1193.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. BakerB.B. and CopsonE.1939. Huygens Principles.
  12. BellefleurG., MalehmirA. and MüllerC.2012. Elastic finite‐difference modeling of volcanic hosted massive sulfide deposits: a case study from Half Mile Lake, New Brunswick, Canada. Geophysics77(5), WC25–WC36.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. BenderC.M. and OrszagS.A.1999. Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers I. Springer Science & Business Media.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. BerkovitchA., BelferI., HassinY. and LandaE.2009. Diffraction imaging by multifocusing. Geophysics74(6), WCA75–WCA81.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. BerryhillJ.R.1977. Diffraction response for nonzero separation of source and receiver. Geophysics42(6), 1158–1176.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. ClémentF.1991. A migration‐based travel‐time formulation for the inversion of 2D seismic reflection data. In: Proceeding of the 1st International Conference Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation Phenomena, pp. 455–461.
  17. ClémentF., ChaventG. and GómezS.2001. Migration‐based traveltime waveform inversion of 2‐D simple structures: a synthetic example. Geophysics66(3), 845–860.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. ClemmowP.1950. A note on the diffraction of a cylindrical wave by a perfectly conducting half plane. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics3(3), 377–384.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. DellS. and GajewskiD.2011. Common‐reflection‐surface‐based workflow for diffraction imaging. Geophysics76(5), S187–S195.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. DellS., PronevichA., KashtanB. and GajewskiD.2013. Diffraction traveltime approximation for general anisotropic media. Geophysics78(5), WC15–WC23.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. EatonD.W., MilkereitB. and SalisburyM.2003. Seismic methods for deep mineral exploration: mature technologies adapted to new targets. The Leading Edge22(6), 580–585.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. FomelS., LandaE. and TanerM.T.2007. Poststack velocity analysis by separation and imaging of seismic diffractions. Geophysics72(6), U89–U94.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. HagedoornJ.G.1954. A process of seismic reflection interpretation. Geophysical Prospecting2(2), 85–127.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. KarimpouliS., HassaniH., MalehmirA., Nabi‐BidhendiM. and KhoshdelH.2013. Understanding the fracture role on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution using seismic data: a case study on a carbonate reservoir from Iran. Journal of Applied Geophysics96, 98–106.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. KarimpouliS., MalehmirA., HassaniH., KhoshdelH. and Nabi‐BidhendiM.2015. Automated diffraction delineation using an apex‐shifted radon transform. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering12(2), 199.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. KhaidukovV., LandaE. and MoserT.J.2004. Diffraction imaging by focusing‐defocusing: an outlook on seismic superresolution. Geophysics69(6), 1478–1490.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Klem‐MusatovK.D., HronF., LinesL.R. and MeederC.A.1994. Theory of Seismic Diffractions. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. KlokovA. and FomelS.2012. Separation and imaging of seismic diffractions using migrated dip‐angle gathers. Geophysics77(6), S131–S143.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. KozlovE., BaraskyN., KorolevE., AntonenkoA. and KoshchukE.2004. Imaging scattering objects masked by specular reflections: imaging scattering objects masked by specular reflections. 74th SEG meeting, Denver, USA, Expanded Abstracts, 1131–1134.
  30. KreyT.1952. The significance of diffraction in the investigation of faults. Geophysics17(4), 843–858.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. KunzB.F.1960. Diffraction problems in fault interpretation. Geophysical Prospecting8(3), 381–388.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. LandaE., FomelS. and ReshefM.2008. Separation, imaging, and velocity analysis of seismic diffractions using migrated dip‐angle gathers. 78thSEG meeting, Las Vegas, USA, Expanded Abstracts.
  33. LiuZ. and BleisteinN.1995. Migration velocity analysis: theory and an iterative algorithm. Geophysics60(1), 142–153.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. LonghurstR.S.1973. Geometrical and Physical Optics. Orient Blackswan.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. MalehmirA. and BellefleurG.2009. 3D seismic reflection imaging of volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposits: insights from reprocessing Halfmile Lake data, New Brunswick, Canada. Geophysics74(6), B209–B219.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. MalehmirA., BellefleurG. and MüllerC.2010. 3D diffraction and mode‐converted scattering signatures of base metal deposits, Bathurst mining camp, Canada. First Break28(12).
    [Google Scholar]
  37. MalehmirA., DahlinP., LundbergE., JuhlinC., SjöströmH. and HögdahlK.2011. Reflection seismic investigations in the Dannemora area, Central Sweden: insights into the geometry of polyphase deformation zones and magnetite‐skarn deposits. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth116(B11).
    [Google Scholar]
  38. MalehmirA., DurrheimR., BellefleurG., UrosevicM., JuhlinC., WhiteD.J.et al. 2012. Seismic methods in mineral exploration and mine planning: A general overview of past and present case histories and a look into the future. Geophysics77(5), WC173–WC190.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. MorseP.M. and IngardK.U.1968. Theoretical Acoustics. Princeton University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. MoserT. and HowardC.2008. Diffraction imaging in depth. Geophysical Prospecting56(5), 627–641.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. ReshefM. and LandaE.2009. Post‐stack velocity analysis in the dip‐angle domain using diffractions. Geophysical Prospecting57(5), 811–821.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. SchmelzbachC., SimancasJ.F.JuhlinC. and CarbonellR.2008. Seismic reflection imaging over the south Portuguese zone fold‐and‐thrust belt, SW Iberia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth113(B8).
    [Google Scholar]
  43. SturzuI., PopoviciA. and MoserT.2014. Diffraction imaging using specularity gathers. Journal of Seismic Exploration23, 1–18.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. SturzuI., PopoviciA., TanushevN., MusatI., PelissierM. and MoserT.2013. Specularity gathers for diffraction imaging. In: 75th EAGE Conference & Exhibition Incorporating SPE EUROPEC.
  45. SymesW.W.2008. Migration velocity analysis and waveform inversion. Geophysical Prospecting56(6), 765–790.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. ThomsenL.1986. Weak elastic anisotropy. Geophysics51(10), 1954–1966.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. TroreyA.1970. A simple theory for seismic diffractions. Geophysics35(5), 762–784.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. TsingasC., ElMarhfoulB., SattiS. and DajaniA.2011. Diffraction imaging as an interpretation tool. First Break29(12).
    [Google Scholar]
  49. UrsinB. and StovasA.2005. Generalized dix equations for a layered transversely isotropic medium. 67th EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Madrid, Spain, Expanded Abstracts.
  50. VersteegR.J.1993. Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model. Geophysics58(6), 873–882.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. WaheedU., AlkhalifahT. and StovasA.2013a. Diffraction traveltime approximation for TI media with an inhomogeneous background. Geophysics78(5), WC103–WC111.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. WaheedU., AlkhalifahT. and StovasA.2013b. Anisotropic parameter inversion in VTI media using diffraction data. SEG meeting, Houston, USA, Expanded Abstracts.
  53. WaheedU., YarmanC.E. and FlaggG.2015. An iterative, fast‐sweeping‐based eikonal solver for 3D tilted anisotropic media. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Geophysics80(3), C49–C58.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. ZhangJ. and ZhangJ.2014. Diffraction imaging using shot and opening‐angle gathers: a prestack time migration approach. Geophysics79(2), S23–S33.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. ZhuX. and WuR.‐S.2010. Imaging diffraction points using the local image matrices generated in prestack migration. Geophysics75(1), S1–S9.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12417
Loading
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12417
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error