1887
Volume 67 Number 1
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A geophysical electromagnetic method to inductively measure the ground electrical resistivity and induced polarization has recently been tested. Its basic characteristics involve three major differences from other methods: the two electrical ground parameters are obtained through measuring magnetic field. For this purpose, a transmitter–receiver (T, R) electromagnetic system is used that operates in the frequency domain and consists of a horizontal loop as the transmitter for the perpendicular loops configuration on the ground surface; the measured function is the (T, R) inductive coupling main variation produced due to the presence of the earth, that is the magnetic field radial component; the measurements are conducted at a large number of frequencies (139 in the more advanced prototype), and the measured function is explored in the frequency interval 0.2 Hz to 1 kHz, a much broader frequency range of the induced polarization effect spectrum, than the one conventionally used in field exploration. Three major aspects are emphasized: (1) the existence of a small ‘main zone’ interior to a half‐space, which is responsible for most of the magnetic energy that the receiver measures on the half‐space surface. This permits to substitute the entire half‐space by the ‘main zone’ and, in a second step, to substitute the ‘main zone’ by an equivalent homogeneous half‐space with the electrical characteristics of such ‘main zone’; (2) the existence of a closed solution for the fields that the (T, R) system generates on the surface of a homogeneous isotropic half‐space, which provides exact functions with the two electrical parameters of interest as the variables (the apparent resistivity and relative polarization parameter); (3) the values of the electrical parameters so determined can be attributed to the central point of the ‘main zone’. Three‐horizontal layers half‐space and a conductive sphere in the free‐space are discussed as models. Four field surveys are analysed as examples and show a satisfactory performance of the method for detection of on‐shore hydrocarbon reservoirs, description of induced reservoir variations and structural features mapping at depths up to 2.5 km.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12713
2018-12-03
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. BarretoA.N. and DiasC.A.2014. Fluid salinity, clay content, and permeability of rocks determined through complex resistivity partition fraction decomposition. Geophysics79, D333–D347.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. CardadorM.H., CuevasA.L., WatanabeH., SaitoA., WadaK., IshikawaH., et al. 2003. Experimental evaluation of hydrocarbon detection with the long‐offset time‐domain electromagnetic method in the Cretaceous carbonates of the Tampico‐Misantla basin, México. Journal of Applied Geophysics52, 103–122.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. CommerM., NewmanG.A., WilliamsK.H. and HubbardS.S.2011. 3D induced‐polarization data inversion for complex resistivity. Geophysics76, F157–F171.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. ConstableS. and SrnkaL.J.2007. An introduction to marine controlled‐source electromagnetic methods for hydrocarbon exploration. Geophysics72, WA3–WA12.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. DiasC.A.1968. A non‐grounded method for measuring electrical induced polarization and conductivity. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
  6. DiasC.A.2000. Developments in a model to describe low‐frequency electrical polarization of rocks. Geophysics65, 437–451.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Dias, C.A. and BNDE . 1973. Non‐grounded method of geophysical exploration: Canadian Patent 920,660.
  8. DiasC.A., LimaO.A.L. and SatoH.K.2012. Evaluation of the multi‐frequency electromagnetic method in exploration and imaging of hydrocarbon continental reservoirs. Boletim de Geociências da Petrobras20, 165–192. [in Portuguese].
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DiasC.A., LimaO.A.L., SatoH.K. and MoraesJ.A.C.2006. Contribution to oil exploration and development: a successful inductive multi‐frequency EM survey onshore Brazil. Paper at the 68th EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, Houston, USA.
  10. DiasC.A., SatoH.K. and LimaO.A.L.2005. Multi‐frequency EM method for hydrocarbon detection and for monitoring fluid invasion during enhanced oil recovery. Paper at the 75th SEG Annual International Exposition & Meeting, Expanded Abstract.
  11. DruytsP., CraeyeC. and AcheroyM.2010. Volume of influence for magnetic soils and electromagnetic induction sensors. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing48, 3686–3697.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. EidesmoT., EllingsrudS., MacGregorL., ConstableS., SinhaM., JohansenS., KongN. and WesterdahlH.2002. Sea bed logging (SBL), a new method for remote and direct identification of hydrocarbon filled layers in deepwater areas. First Break20, 144–152.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. HohmannG.W., KintzingerP.R., VoorhisG.D.V. and WardS.H.1970. Evaluation of the measurement of induced electrical polarization with an inductive system. Geophysics35, 901–915.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Ingeman‐NielsenT. and BaumgartnerF.2006. Numerical modeling of complex resistivity effects on a homogeneous half‐space at low frequencies. Geophysical Prospecting54, 261–271.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. KaminskiV. and ViezzoliA.2017. Modeling induced polarization effects in helicopter time‐domain electromagnetic data: Field case studies. Geophysics82, B49–B61.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. KaufmanA.A.1994. Geophysical Field Theory and Method‐Part C: Electromagnetic Fields II. Academic Press, Inc.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. KaufmanA.A. and KellerG.V.1983. Frequency and Transient Soundings, Methods of Geochemistry and Geophysics. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. KemnaA.2000. Tomographic Inversion of Complex Resistivity, Theory and Application. Der andere Verlag.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. LiuW., LinP., LüQ., LiY. and LiJ.2017. Synthetic modelling and analysis of CSEM full‐field apparent resistivity response combining EM induction and IP effect for 1D medium. Exploration Geophysics.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. MachadoM.V.B.2009. An analytical study and application of the multi‐frequency electromagnetic method to mapping and identification of fluids in petroleum on‐shore reservoirs. PhD thesis, North Fluminense State University, Brazil [in Portuguese].
  21. MachadoM.V.B. and DiasC.A.2012. Zone of main contribution to the measured signal for a circular current loop source and receiver on the surface of a conductive half‐space. Geophysical Prospecting60, 1167–1185.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. MahanM.K., RedmanJ.D. and StrangwayD.W.1986. Complex resistivity of synthetic sulphide bearing rocks. Geophysical Prospecting34, 743–768.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. MarchantD., HaberE. and OldenburgD.W.2013. Inductive source induced polarization. Geophysical Journal International192, 602–612.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. NabighianM.N. and MacnaeJ.C.1991. Time domain electro‐magnetic prospecting methods. In: Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics, Vol. 2, Parts A and B (ed., M.N.Nabighian ), pp. 427–520. SEG.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. NourollahH., KeetleyJ. and O'BrienG.2010. Gas chimney identification through seismic attribute analysis in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. Leading Edge29, 896–901.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. OldenburgD. W. and LiY.1994. Inversion of induced polarization data. Geophysics59, 1327–1341.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. RenX., YinC., MacnaeJ., LiuY. and ZhangB.2018. 3D time‐domain airborne electromagnetic inversion based on secondary field finite‐volume method. Geophysics83, E219–E228.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. RouthP.S. and OldenburgD. W.2001. EM coupling in frequency‐domain induced polarization data: a method for removal. Geophysical Journal International145, 59–76.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. SatoH.K.1979. A multifrequency electromagnetic method for measuring IP and resistivity‐theory and experimental work using a system operating in the range 21 to 43,008 Hz. M.Sc. thesis, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil [in Portuguese].
  30. ShiW., RodiW. and MorganF.1998. 3D induced polarization inversion using complex electrical resistivities. SAGEEP Proceedings, 785–794, Chicago, USA.
  31. SifontesR.V.V.2015. Multi‐frequency electromagnetic geophysical data relief correction. PhD thesis, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil [in Portuguese].
  32. SifontesR.V.V., SatoH.K. and MoumoniZ.I.2016. Relief geometric effects on frequency‐domain electromagnetic data. Geophysics81, E287–E296.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. SpiesB.R. and FrischknechtF.C.1991. Electromagnetic sounding. In: Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics, Vol. 2, Parts A and B (ed., M.N.Nabighian ), pp. 285–425. SEG.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. SongL.1984. A new IP decoupling scheme. Exploration Geophysics15, 99–112.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. StrackK.‐M.1992. Exploration with Deep Transient Electromagnetics, Vol. 373. Elsevier.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. ViezzoliA. and KaminskiV.2016. Airborne IP: examples from the Mount Milligan deposit, Canada, and the Amakinskaya kimberlite pipe, Russia. Exploration Geophysics47, 269–278.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. WardS.H.1971. Evaluation of the measurement of induced electrical polarization with an inductive system.Geophysics36, 427–429.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. WardS.H.1979. Ground electromagnetic methods and base metals. In: Geophysics and Geochemistry in the Search for Metallic Ores.(ed., P.J.Hood ), pp. 45–62. Economic Geology Report 31. Geological Survey of Canada.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. WardS.H. and HohmannG.W.1987. Electromagnetic theory for geophysical applications. In: Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics (ed., M.N.Nabighian ), pp. 130–311. SEG.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. WynnJ.C. and ZongeK. L.1975. EM coupling, its intrinsic value, its removal and the cultural coupling problem. Geophysics40, 831–850.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. YangX., LaBrecqueD., MorelliG., DailyW. and RamirezA.2000. Three‐dimensional complex resistivity tomography. SAGEEP Proceedings, 897–907, Arlington VA, USA.
  42. ZhaoY., ZimmermannE., HuismanJ.A., TreichelA., WoltersB., WaasenS.V., et al. 2013. Broadband EIT borehole measurements with high phase accuracy using numerical corrections of electromagnetic coupling effects. Measurement Science and Technology24.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. ZhdanovM.S.2010. Electromagnetic geophysics: notes from the past and the road ahead. Geophysics75, 75A49–75A66.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12713
Loading
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12713
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Inductive IP/resistivity; Multi‐frequency EM

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error