1887
Volume 72, Issue 9
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

Abstract

Due to the inherent unpredictability of geological conditions, tunnelling operations are often at risk of encountering water inrushes. Such incidents can lead to construction delays, impose financial strains and pose significant safety threats to the workers involved. Water‐bearing geological formations are the main triggers for such incidents, with factors such as the positioning, water quantity and permeability distribution of these formations being key to predicting the occurrence and severity of water inrush disasters. By leveraging the complex interplay among relaxation time, P‐wave velocity and permeability within the rock's physical properties, a series of indoor tests were conducted on 40 artificial reef limestone cores to extract the necessary parameters. Through the analysis of the data, the comprehensive permeability prediction model was established, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9420 between the model's predictions and actual measurements. At the same time, through theoretical and mechanism analysis, the relationship between permeability and relaxation time and the relationship between permeability and P‐wave velocity were analysed. Finally, 10 natural reef limestone samples were used to verify the accuracy of the model. The prediction model enables an accurate evaluation of tunnel permeability, thus providing a scientific basis for the mitigation of tunnel water inrush hazards.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13602
2024-10-11
2025-11-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ahmed, A.S., Revil, A., Abdulsamad, F., Steck, B., Vergniault, C. & Guihard, V. (2020) Induced polarization as a tool to non‐intrusively characterize embankment hydraulic properties. Engineering Geology, 271, 105604.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Binley, A., Slater, L.D., Fukes, M. & Cassiani, G. (2005) Relationship between spectral induced polarization and hydraulic properties of saturated and unsaturated sandstone. Water Resources Research, 41(12), 1–13.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Börner, F.D., Schopper, J.R. & Weller, A. (1996) Evaluation of transport and storage properties in the soil and groundwater zone from induced polarization measurements1. Geophysical Prospecting, 44(4), 583–601.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cao, Z., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Song, X. & Han, X. (2019) Calculation model and experimental study on permeability coefficient of coarse‐grained soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38(S2), 3701–3708.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chao, Z., Ma, G., Hu, X. & Luo, G. (2020) Research on anisotropic permeability and porosity of columnar jointed rock masses during cyclic loading and unloading based on physical model experiments. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 5433–5454.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen, W.Z., Yang, J.P., Wu, G.J., Tan, X.J., Jia, S.P., Dai, Y.H. et al. (2008) Experimental study on permeability of low permeability media. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27(02), 236–243.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Choo, H., Lee, W., Lee, C. & Burns, S.E. (2018) Estimating porosity and particle size for hydraulic conductivity of binary mixed soils containing two different‐sized silica particles. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 144(1), 04017104.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Deng, H.F., Yuan, X.F., Li, J.L., He, M., Luo, Q. & Zhu, M. (2013) Experimental study on the effect of saturation on the longitudinal wave velocity and strength of sandstone. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32(08), 1625–1631.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Eberli, G.P., Baechle, G.T., Anselmetti, F.S. & Incze, M.L. (2003) Factors controlling elastic properties in carbonate sediments and rocks. The Leading Edge, 22(7), 654–660.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Feng, S., Huang, S.F., Jiang, J.L., Zhan, L.T., Li, G.Y., Guan, R.Q. et al. (2023) Effects of pore‐size distribution on the gas diffusion coefficient and gas permeability of compacted manufactured sand tailing–bentonite mixtures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 149(11), 04023101.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gassmann, F. (1951) Elastic waves through a packing of spheres. Geophysics, 16(4), 673–685.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Golian, M., Teshnizi, E.S., Parise, M., Terzić, J., Milanović, S., Vakanjac, V.R. et al. (2021). A new analytical method for determination of discharge duration in tunnels subjected to groundwater inrush. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 3293–3313.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gu, Q.X., Huang, Z., Zhong, W., Li, S.J., Wu, Y. & Wu, Y.F. (2023) Study on the evolution of pore structure and physical and mechanical properties of granite after high temperature cycle. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 42(06), 1450–1465.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Guo, Q., Yan, B., Cai, M., Ren, F. & Miao, S. (2020) Permeability coefficient of rock mass in underwater mining. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 38, 2245–2254.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Guo, X., Chai, J.R., Qin, Y., Xu, Z.G., Fan, Y.N. & Zhang, X.W. (2019) Mechanism and treatment technology of three water inrush events in the Jiaoxi River Tunnel in Shaanxi, China. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 33(1), 04018098.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. He, X. (2012) Rock physics basis of hydrocarbon prediction and seismic porosity inversion. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hördt, A., Blaschek, R., Kemna, A. & Zisser, N. (2007) Hydraulic conductivity estimation from induced polarisation data at the field scale—the Krauthausen case history. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 62(1), 33–46.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Krief, M., Garat, J., Stellingwerff, J. & Ventre, J. (1990) A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves (full waveform sonic). The Log Analyst, 31, 355–369.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ikuma, M. (2005) Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 20(2), 143–149.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Latt, K.M. & Giao, P.H. (2017) Prediction of permeability of cement‐admixed soft clay using resistivity and time‐domain IP measurements. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 137, 92–103.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Li, H., Sui, Q., Tan, X., Chen, W. & Chen, E. (2022) Hydromechanical coupled analysis of water inrush in a karst cave‐fracture rock system: A case study. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 36(6), 04022052.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Li, S., Bu, L., Shi, S., Li, L. & Zhou, Z. (2022) Prediction for water inrush disaster source and CFD‐based design of evacuation routes in karst tunnel. International Journal of Geomechanics, 22(5), 05022001.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Li, S., Nie, L. & Liu, B. (2018) The practice of forward prospecting of adverse geology applied to hard rock TBM tunnel construction: the case of the Songhua River water conveyance project in the middle of Jilin Province. Engineering, 4(1), 131–137.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Liu, J.Q., Liu, C., Liu, X.Y., Wang, S., Yuan, H.L., Li, C.J. et al. (2021) Prediction of water–mud inrush hazard from weathered granite tunnel by an improved seepage erosion model. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 9249–9266.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Liu, H., Zheng, K., Zhu, C., Meng, Q. & Wu, W. (2021) Evaluation of brittleness characteristics of reef limestone based on stress–strain curve. Geotechnical Mechanics, 42(03), 673–680.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Luo, Y., Gong, H., Wei, X., Zheng, S., Pei, C. & Li, X. (2023) Dynamic compressive characteristics and damage constitutive model of coral reef limestone with different cementation degrees. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129783.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ma, R., Ba, J., Carcione, J., Lebedev, M. & Wang, C. (2021) Experimental study on petrophysical properties as a tool to identify pore fluids in tight‐rock reservoirs. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, 652344.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ma, X., Rui, H. & Wang, Q. (2014) Experimental study on permeability characteristics of multi‐scale rock. Geotechnical Mechanics, 35 (8), 2191–2196. 2204.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Martin, W.D., III., Kaye, N.B. & Putman, B.J. (2014) Impact of vertical porosity distribution on the permeability of pervious concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 59, 78–84.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Nie, L., Wang, C., Liu, Z., Xu, Z., Sun, X., Du, Y. et al. (2023) An integrated geological and geophysical approach to identify water‐rich weathered granite areas during twin tunnels construction: a case study. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 135, 105025.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Niu, F., Cai, Y., Liao, H., Li, J., Tang, K., Wang, Q. et al. (2022) Unfavorable geology and mitigation measures for water inrush hazard during subsea tunnel construction: a global review. Water, 14(10), 1592.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Pei, C., Li, X., Ma, R., Luo, Y. & Zhang, C. (2022) Research on the dynamic fracture toughness of reef limestone. Ocean Engineering, 264, 112387.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pelton, W.H., Ward, S.H., Hallof, P.G., Sill, W.R. & Nelson, P.H. (1978) Mineral discrimination and removal of inductive coupling with multifrequency IP. Geophysics, 43(3), 588–609.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Qian, J., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. & Luo, Q. (2024) Effect of scale and matrix porosity on the relationship between permeability and resistivity in fracture‐matrix system. Journal of Hydrology, 629, 130600.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Revil, A., Coperey, A., Heap, M.J. & Carbillet, L. (2020) A geophysical index to map alteration, permeability, and mechanical properties within volcanoes. Application to the soft volcanic rocks from Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 401, 106945.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Revil, A. & Florsch, N. (2010) Determination of permeability from spectral induced polarization in granular media. Geophysical Journal International, 181(3), 1480–1498.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Revil, A., Kessouri, P. & Torres‐Verdín, C. (2014) Electrical conductivity, induced polarization, and permeability of the Fontainebleau sandstone. Geophysics, 79(5), D301–D318.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Shi, S., Bu, L., Li, S., Xiong, Z., Xie, X., Li, L. et al. (2017) Application of comprehensive prediction method of water inrush hazards induced by unfavourable geological body in high risk karst tunnel: a case study. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8(2), 1407–1423.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Tong, M. S., Wang, W. N., Li, L., Jiang, Y. Z., & Deqin, S. (2004). Estimation of permeability of shaly sand reservoir from induced polarization relaxation time spectra. Journal of petroleum Science and Engineering, 45(1‐2), 31–40.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Tong, M., Li, L., Wang, W. & Jiang, Y. (2006) A time‐domain induced‐polarization method for estimating permeability in a shaly sand reservoir. Geophysical Prospecting, 54(5), 623–631.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Vinegar, H.J. & Waxman, M.H. (1987) U.S. Patent No. 4,644,283. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  42. Wang, D.K., Wei, J.P., Fu, Q.C., Liu, Y. & Xia, Y.L. (2015) Seepage law and permeability calculation of coal gas based on Klinkenberg effect. Journal of Central South University, 22(5), 1973–1978.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Wang, H.L., Xu, W.Y., Cai, M., Xiang, Z.P. & Kong, Q. (2017) Gas permeability and porosity evolution of a porous sandstone under repeated loading and unloading conditions. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50, 2071–2083.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Wang, M. (2008) Development status and technical problems of underwater traffic tunnels‐concurrent discussion on the ‘ Taiwan Strait Submarine Railway Tunnel Construction Scheme’. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27(11), 2161–2172.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Weller, A. & Slater, L. (2019) Permeability estimation from induced polarization: an evaluation of geophysical length scales using an effective hydraulic radius concept. Near Surface Geophysics, 17(6), 581–594.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Weller, A., Slater, L., Binley, A., Nordsiek, S. & Xu, S. (2015) Permeability prediction based on induced polarization: insights from measurements on sandstone and unconsolidated samples spanning a wide permeability range. Geophysics, 80(2), D161–D173.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Wyllie, M.R.J., Gregory, A.R. & Gardner, L.W. (1956) Elastic wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media. Geophysics, 21(1), 41–70.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Yang, X.L. & Zhang, S. (2018) Risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush based on improved attribute mathematical theory. Journal of Central South University, 25(2), 379–391.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zhang, L., Gao, L., Jing, B., Zhang, M.B., Carcione, J.M. & Liu, W.H. (2023) Permeability estimation of shale oil reservoir with laboratory‐derived data: a case study of the Chang 7 member in Ordos basin. Applied Geophysics, 21, 1–16.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Zhao, C., Hobbs, B.E. & Ord, A. (2016) Chemical dissolution‐front instability associated with water‐rock reactions in groundwater hydrology: analyses of porosity‐permeability relationship effects. Journal of Hydrology, 540, 1078–1087.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Zheng, K., Meng, Q.S., Wang, R. & Wu, W.J. (2019) Study on elastic wave characteristics of coral reef limestone with different structural types. Geotechnical Mechanics, 40(08), 3081–3089.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Zheng, S.S., Hu, M.J., Huo, Y.L & Li, Y. (2023) Analysis of influencing factors of permeability of calcareous sand in salt solution environment. Geotechnical Mechanics, 44(12), 3522–3530.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Zisser, N., Kemna, A. & Nover, G. (2010) Relationship between low‐frequency electrical properties and hydraulic permeability of low‐permeability sandstones. Geophysics, 75(3), E131–E141.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13602
Loading
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13602
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): permeability; prediction model; P‐wave velocity; relaxation time

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error