1887
Volume 73, Issue 4
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478
PDF

Abstract

Abstract

This study introduces the application of the 2D weighted compact gravity inversion technique to model crustal thickness and intracrustal discontinuities in the Aegean region, encompassing both marine and terrestrial areas over a significant area of 430 km × 333 km. The method utilized advanced spectral analysis and upward continuation techniques to enhance the quality of Bouguer data, effectively mitigating surface noise. The findings reveal a remarkable correlation (over 99.9%) between observed and theoretical data, demonstrating the algorithm's robustness in accurately delineating crustal features. Depth estimates for the Conrad (2.7 g/cm3) and Moho (3.3 g/cm3) discontinuities were obtained, highlighting distinct density variations across discontinuity zones. Furthermore, the relationship between intracrustal discontinuities and seismicity was examined, revealing that earthquakes predominantly follow the Conrad boundary. Notably, this study uniquely produces 2D depth contour maps of Conrad and Moho discontinuities from specific density derived from gravity inversion sections. The results indicate that this method is a valuable tool for understanding crustal dynamics, suggesting potential applications for future tectonic assessments, especially in regional studies. The successful application of this novel technique emphasizes its significance in advancing geophysical modelling and enhances our understanding of isostatic evaluation in the Aegean region for further studies.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.70001
2025-04-17
2026-02-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/gpr/73/4/gpr70001.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.70001&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Airy, G.B. (1855) On the computations of the effect of the attraction of the mountain masses as disturbing the apparent astronomical latitude of stations in geodetic surveys. Transactions Royal Society of London, 145(B), 101–104.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Akyol, N., Kurtulmuş, T.Ö., Çamyıldız, Ö. & Güngör, T. (2017) Spectral ratio estimates for site effects on the Horst–Graben system in West Turkey. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 170, 2107–2125.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Arısoy, M.Ö. & Dikmen, Ü. (2011) Potensoft: MATLAB‐based software for potential field data processing, modeling and mapping. Computers & Geosciences, 37(7), 935–942.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ates, A., Bilim, F., Buyuksarac, A., Aydemir, A., Bektas, O. & Aslan, Y. (2012) Crustal structure of Turkey from aeromagnetic, gravity and deep seismic reflection data. Surveys in Geophysics, 33, 869–885. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712‐012‐9195‐x
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Barbosa, V.C.F. & Silva, J.B. (1994) Generalized compact gravity inversion. Geophysics, 59, 57–68.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bertete‐Aguirre, H., Cherkaev, E. & Oristaglio, M. (2002) Non‐smooth gravity problem with total variation penalization functional. Geophysical Journal International, 149, 499–507.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Beniest, A., Brun, J.P., Gorini, C., Crombez, V., Deschamps, R., Hamon, Y. et al. (2016) Interaction between trench retreat and Anatolian escape as recorded by neogene basins in the northern Aegean Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 77, 30–42.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bonvalot, S., Balmino, G., Briais, A., Kuhn, M., Peyrefitte, A., Vales, N., & Reinquin, F. (2012). World Gravity Map: a set of global complete spherical Bouguer and isostatic anomaly maps and grids. In EGU general assembly conference abstracts (p. 11091).
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Camacho, A.G., Montesinos, F.G. & Vieira, R. (2000) Gravity inversion by means of growing bodies. Geophysics, 65, 95–101.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Christensen, N.I. & Mooney, W.D. (1995) Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: a global view. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100(B6), 9761–9788. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00259
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Çiftçi, N.B. & Bozkurt, E. (2008) Folding of the Gediz Graben Fill, SW Turkey: extensional and/or Contractional Origin?Geodinamica Acta, 21/3, 145–167.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Çiftçi, N.B. & Bozkurt, E. (2009) Evolution of the Miocene sedimentary fill of the Gediz Graben. SW Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 216, 49–79.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Çiftçi, N.B. & Bozkurt, E. (2010) Structural evolution of the Gediz Graben, SW Turkey: temporal and spatial variation of the graben basin. Basin Research, 22, 846–873. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365‐2117.2009.00438.x
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dewey, J.F. & Sengor, A.M.C. (1979) Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiple and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 90, 84–92.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Doğru, F., Pamukçu, O., Kıncal, C. & Gönenç, T. (2022) Correlation between aeromagnetic and spherical free air gravity anomaly in western Anatolia. Turkey. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15, 1300–1315. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517‐022‐10474‐y
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Farquharson, C.G. (2008) Constructing piecewise‐constant models in multidimensional minimum‐structure inversions. Geophysics, 73, K1–K9.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fi̇ruzan, E. (2008) Statistical earthquake frequency analysis for Western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 741–762.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gessner, K., Ring, U., Johnson, C., Hetzel, R., Passchier, C.W. & Güngör, T. (2001) An active bivergent rolling‐hinge detachment system: central Menderes metamorphic core complex in western Turkey. Geology, 29, 611–614.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gessner, K., Gallardo, L.A., Wedin, F. & Sener, K., (2016) Crustal structure of the northern Menderes Massif, western Turkey, imaged by joint gravity and magnetic inversion. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 105, 2133–2148.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ghalehnoee, M.H., Ansari, A. & Ghorbani, A. (2016) Improving compact gravity inversion based on new weighting functions. Geophysical Journal International, 208, 413.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hetzel, R., Passchier, C.W., Ring, U. & Dora, O.O. (1995) Bivergent extension in orogenic belts: the Menderes massif (southwestern Turkey). Geology, 23, 455–458.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Jacobsen, B.H., (1987) A case for upward continuation as a standard separation filter for potential‐field maps. Geophysics, 52(8), 1138–1148.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Karabulut, H., Paul, A., Afacan Ergün, T., Hatzfeld, D., Childs, D.M. & Aktar, M., (2013) Long‐wavelength undulations of the seismic Moho beneath the strongly stretched Western Anatolia. Geophysical Journal International, 194(1), 450–464.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Koçyiğit, A., Yusufoğlu, H. & Bozkurt, E. (1999) Evidence from the Gediz graben for episodic two‐stage extension in western Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, 156, 605–616. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.3.0605
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Koçyiğit, A., Ünay, E. & Saraç, G. (2000) Episodic Graben formation and extensional neotectonic regime in West Central Anatolia and the Isparta angle: a case study in the Akşehir‐Afyon Graben, Turkey. Special Publication—Geological Society of London/Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 173, 405–421. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.173.01.19
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Komut, T., Gray, R., Pysklywec, R. & Göğüş, O.H., (2012) Mantle flow uplift of western Anatolia and the Aegean: interpretations from geophysical analyses and geodynamic modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B11), B11412.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Laske, G., Masters, G., Ma, Z. & Pasyanos, M. (2013) Update on CRUST1.0: a 1‐degree global model of Earth's crust. Geophysical Research Abstract, 15, EGU2013–EGU2658.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Last, B.J. & KubikK., (1983) Compact gravity inversion. Geophysics, 48, 713–721.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lazos, I., Sboras, S., Pikridas, C., Pavlides, S., & , and Chatzipetros, A. (2021) Geodetic analysis of the tectonic crustal deformation pattern in the North Aegean Sea. Greece. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 3, 79–94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990‐021‐00049‐6
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Le Pichon, X. & Angelier, J. (1979) The Hellenic arc and trench system: a key to the neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area. Tectonophysics, 60, 1–42.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Li, Y. & Oldenburg, D.W. (1996) 3‐D inversion of magnetic data. Geophysics, 61, 394–408.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Li, Y. & Oldenburg, D.W. (1998) 3‐D inversion of gravity data. Geophysics, 63, 109–119.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Li, Y. & Oldenburg, D.W. (2003) Fast inversion of large‐scale magnetic data using wavelet transforms and a logarithmic barrier method. Geophysical Journal International, 152, 251–265.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. McKenzie, D. (1978) Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth and Planetary science letters, 40, 25–32.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Meissner, R. (1986) The continental crust: a geophysical approach. London: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Nomikou, P., Evangelidis, D., Papanikolaou, D., Lampridou, D., Litsas, D., Tsaparas, Y. et al. (2021) Morphotectonic structures along the southwestern margin of Lesvos island, and their interrelation with the southern strand of the north anatolian fault, Aegean Sea, Greece. GeoHazards, 2, 415–429. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards2040023
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ocakoğlu, F. & Açıkalın, S. (2010) Field evidences of secondary surface ruptures occurred during the 20 February 1956 Eskişehir earthquake in the NW Anatolia. Journal of Earth System Science, 119, 841–851. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040‐010‐0057‐y
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Pilkington, M. (1997) 3‐D magnetic imaging using conjugate gradients. Geophysics, 62, 1132–1142.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Pirttijärvi, M., (2009) FOURPOT. Oulu: University of Oulu, Department of Physics, Geophysics.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Portniaguine, O. & Zhdanov, M.S. (1999) Compression in inverse problem solution. In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999, Society of Exploration Geophysicists. pp. 366–369.
  41. Portniaguine, O. & Zhdanov, M.S. (2002) 3‐D magnetic inversion with data compression and image focusing. Geophysics, 67, 1532–1541.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Pratt, J.H. (1855) ‘On the attraction of the Himalaya mountains, and of the elevated regions beyond them, upon the plumb‐line in India.’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 145, 53–100.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Robertson, A., Comas, M., (1998) Collision‐related processes in the Mediterranean region ‐introduction. Tectonophysics, 298(1), 1–4.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Rojay, B., Toprak, V., Demirci, C. & Süzen, L. (2005) Plio‐quaternary evolution of the Küçük Menderes graben southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 18, 317–331.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Sengor, A.M.C. (1979) The North Anatolian transform fault: its age, offset and tectonic significance. Journal of Geological Society London, 136, 269–282.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Sengör, A.M.C., Yilmaz, Y., (1981) Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181–241.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Sengör, A.M.C. (1987) Cross‐faults and differential stretching of hanging walls in regions of low‐angle normal faulting: examples from western Turkey. Geological Society, 28, 575–589.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Seyitoglu, G. & Scott, B.C. (1991) Late Cenozoic crustal extension and basin formation in west Turkey. Geological Magazine, 128, 155–166.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Seyitoglu, G. & Scott, B.C. (1992) The age of Buyuk Menderes Graben (west Turkey) and its tectonic implications. Geological Magazine, 129, 239–242.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Silva, J.B. & Barbosa, V.C. (2006) Interactive gravity inversion. Geophysics, 71, J1–J9.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Silva Dias, F.J., Barbosa, V.C. & Silva, J.B. (2009) 3D gravity inversion through an adaptive‐learning procedure. Geophysics, 74, I9–I21.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Tselentis, G. A., Drakopoulos, J., & Dimitriadis, K. (1988). A spectral approach to Moho depths estimation from gravity measurements in Epirus (NW Greece). Journal of Physics of the Earth, 36(6), 255–266.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Uieda, L. & Barbosa, V.C. (2012) Robust 3D gravity gradient inversion by planting anomalous densities. Geophysics, 77, G55–G66.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Vening Meinesz, F.A., (1931) Une nouvelle methode pour la reduction isostatique regionale de l'intensite de la pesanteur. Bulletine Geodesique, 29, 33–51.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Yilmaz, Y., Genç, Ş.C., Gürer, F., Bozcu, M., Yilmaz, K., Karacik, Z., Altunkaynak, Ş. & Elmas, A. (2000) When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop?. Geological Society, 173, 353–384.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Watts, A.B., (2001) Isostasy and flexure of the lithosphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Zhu, L., Mitchell, B.J., Akyol, N., Cemen, I. & Kekovalı, K. (2006) Crustal thickness variations in the Aegean region and its implications for the extension of continental crust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B01301. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003770
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.70001
Loading
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.70001
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): gravity; imaging; inverse problem; inversion; parameter estimation

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error