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Volume 33 Number 2
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2117

Abstract

[

At the beginning of the syn‐rift stage, depth‐dependent crustal thinning is dominantly controlled by distributed pure shear thinning within the lower/middle crust due to the presence of two decoupling levels: (1) the middle crust, which allows the lower crust to be extracted laterally without disturbing significantly the upper crust, and (2) within pre‐rift Triassic salt beds, which act as a décollement between the upper crust and the overlying sedimentary cover. Then simple shear becomes localized along a crustal detachment connecting upward with the Late Triassic décollement layer, inducing shearing in the pre‐rift salt. When continental breakup occurs, the basin flanks are affected by brittle deformation while the hyperextended domain undergoes dominantly ductile thinning. The rise of the 300°C to 500°C isotherms in the hyperextended domain, from the syn‐rift to the continental breakup stage, implies that the originally crystalline upper continental crust and the overlying pre‐rift and syn‐rift sedimentary pile are affected by depth‐dependent ductile thinning.

, Abstract

We document the role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics in controlling the deformation style of continental crust during hyperextension. The Iberian‐European boundary records a complex history of Cretaceous continental extension, which has led to the development of so‐called smooth‐slope type basins. Based on the review of the available geological constraints (crustal‐balanced cross‐sections, sedimentary profile evolution, RSCM thermometer, low‐temperature thermochronology) and geophysical data (Bouguer anomaly, Moho depth, seismic reflection profiles and Vp/Vs velocity models) on the Tartas, Arzacq, Cameros, Parentis, Columbrets, Mauléon, Basque‐Cantabrian and Internal Metamorphic Zone basins, we shed light on the main characteristics of this type of basin. This synthesis indicates that crustal thinning was influenced by two decoupling horizons: the middle crust and Triassic prerift salt, initially located between the basement and prerift sedimentary cover. These two horizons remained active throughout basin formation and were responsible for depth‐dependent thinning of the crust and syn‐rift salt tectonics. We therefore identify several successive deformation phases involving (a) pure shear dominated thinning, (b) simple shear dominated thinning and (c) continental breakup. In the first phase, distributed deformation resulted in the development of a symmetric basin. Field observations indicate that the middle and lower crust were under dominantly ductile conditions at this stage. In the second phase, deformation was localised along a crustal detachment rooted between the crust and the mantle and connecting upwards with Triassic prerift salt. During continental breakup, basin shoulders recorded the occurrence of brittle deformation, whereas the hyperextended domain remained under predominantly ductile thinning. The formation of smooth‐slope‐type extensional basins was intrinsically linked to the combined deposition of thick syn‐rift and breakup sequences, and regional salt tectonics. They induced significant burial and allowed the continental crust and the prerift sequence to deform under high temperature conditions from the rifting to continental breakup stages.

]
Basin Research © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists © 2020 International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John & Sons Ltd
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2024-04-18

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Review of Iberia–Eurasia plate‐boundary basins: Role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics during rifting and continental breakup
Basin Research 33, 1626 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12529
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12529
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): depth‐dependent thinning; ductile regime; HT/LP metamorphism; Iberian–European boundary; Salt tectonics; sedimentary burial

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