1887
Volume 37, Issue 6
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2117
PDF

Abstract

[Highlights

  • This work brings key exploration elements to develop the hydrogen sector and ideas to revisit sites that were underexploited at the time of the initial oil exploration.
  • This study presents the first basin model of radiolytic hydrogen generation from a granitic basement beneath a sedimentary basin.
  • Petroleum system modelling can be effectively adapted for natural hydrogen by adjusting key parameters, providing a practical framework for hydrogen exploration.
  • Model outputs shows that potential reservoirs lie within the optimal thermal window (80°C–200°C) for hydrogen preservation.
  • Potential hydrogen accumulations coincide with intervals of high CH concentrations detected during drilling, suggesting methane may serve as a proxy for natural hydrogen exploration.

,

We present a numerical model of radiolytic H generation from a fractured basement in the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand). Based on a conventional exploration approach combining seismic interpretation and a full dataset from two wells reaching the basement, we calculated the potential radiolytic H generation rate within the altered basement. The model highlights that H mass concentration in water is higher along the faults and in interbedded sand facies, implying that hydrogen in solution could migrate, both by diffusion and advection along these paths. It also indicates that hydrogen‐saturated water could be trapped or experience delayed flow within the possible optimal H preservation window (80°C–200°C), potentially leading to the exsolution of supersaturated hydrogen into a gaseous phase. Gas anomalies reported during drilling, comprising a mix of abiotic and thermogenic methane, suggest that such anomalies may serve as proxies for hydrogen exploration in sedimentary basins. CC Zone, chemical consumption zone; MC Zone, microbial consumption zone; TWT, two‐way travel time.

, ABSTRACT

The search for natural hydrogen (H) in sedimentary basins is gaining increasing recognition due to its environmental friendliness. Therefore, as an alternative energy source, natural hydrogen could address the issue of environmental challenges and participate in the energy mix necessary for the energy transition. Despite ongoing research, many uncertainties remain in H exploration, which is still at an early stage. In this work, we provide, for the first time, a numerical model of radiolytic natural H generation from the fractured basement based on the Taranaki Basin example (New Zealand). This approach uses conventional hydrocarbon exploration techniques, with some adjustments to properly reproduce the subsurface natural H behaviour. We calculated the potential radiolytic H generation rate to be approximately 10.3 mg/g/Ma. This value was used as a constant rate input in the model. Potential reservoirs within the possible optimal H preservation window (80°C–200°C) include the Tane formation sandstone, as well as the Taimana and Tikorangi carbonate formations. The model highlights that H mass concentration in water is higher along the faults and in interbedded sand facies of the Rakopi and Wainui formations, implying that hydrogen in solution could migrate both by diffusion and advection along these paths. The density inversion of the seal and the underlying reservoirs began at 9.4 Ma and 6.8 Ma in the Witiora and Taranga boreholes respectively, due to the northwestward progradation of the Mohakatino Formation. This inversion indicates a period during which hydrogen‐saturated water could be trapped or experience delayed flow, potentially leading to the exsolution of supersaturated hydrogen into a gaseous phase. The Tane formation gas anomaly reported during the drilling could be due to the conversion of CO into abiotic CH via the Sabatier reaction at higher temperatures (> 200°C). Consequently, abiotic CH could be an accurate proxy for depicting natural H generation.

]
Basin Research © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists © 2025 The Author(s). Basin Research published by International Association of Sedimentologists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078
2025-12-15
2026-01-20

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/bre/37/6/bre70078.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albers, E., W.Bach, M.Pérez‐Gussinyé, C.McCammon, and T.Frederichs. 2021. “Serpentinization‐Driven H2 Production From Continental Break‐Up to Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading: Unexpected High Rates at the West Iberia Margin.” Frontiers in Earth Science9: 673063. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.673063.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Allis, R. G., X.Zhan, C.Evans, and P.Kroopnick. 1997. “Groundwater Flow Beneath mt Taranaki, New Zealand, and Implications for Oil and Gas Migration.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics40, no. 2: 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1997.9514748.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Baur, J., R.Sutherland, and T.Stern. 2014. “Anomalous Passive Subsidence of Deep‐Water Sedimentary Basins: A Prearc Basin Example, Southern New Caledonia Trough and Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Basin Research26, no. 2: 242–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12030.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bjergbakke, E., Ζ. D.Draganić, Κ.Sehested, and I. G.Draganić. 1989. “Radiolytic Products in Waters: Part II: Computer Simulation of Some Radiolytic Processes in Nature.” Radiochimica Acta48, no. 1–2: 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1989.48.12.73.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bjergbakke, E., Ζ. D.Dragarne, Κ.Sehested, and I. G.Dragarne. 1989. “Radiolytic Products in Waters: Part I: Computer Simulation of Some Radiolytic Processes in the Laboratory.” Ract48, no. 1–2: 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1989.48.12.65.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Boreham, C. J., D. S.Edwards, K.Czado, et al. 2021. “Hydrogen in Australian Natural Gas: Occurrences, Sources and Resources.” APPEA Journal61, no. 1: 163–191. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ20044.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bouquet, A., C. R.Glein, D.Wyrick, and J. H.Waite. 2017. “Alternative Energy: Production of H2 by Radiolysis of Water in the Rocky Cores of Icy Bodies.” Astrophysical Journal Letters840, no. L8: 7. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041‐8213/aa6d56.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Cameron, H. E.2016. Evolution of a Normal Fault Systerm, Northern Graben. Matster's Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cannat, M., F.Fontaine, and J.EscartíN. 2010. “Serpentinization and Associated Hydrogen and Methane Fluxes at Slow Spreading Ridges.” In Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading Ocean Ridges, 241–264. American Geophysical Union (AGU). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000760.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Carpentier, S. F. A., A. G.Green, R.Langridge, et al. 2013. “Seismic Imaging of the Alpine Fault Near Inchbonnie, New Zealand.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth118, no. 1: 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009344.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Carrillo Ramirez, A., F.Gonzalez Penagos, G.Rodriguez, and I.Moretti. 2023. “Natural H2 Emissions in Colombian Ophiolites: First Findings.” Geosciences13, no. 12: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13120358.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Cetin, M.2016. A Petrophysical Evaluation for Permeability of A Gas Reservoir in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand [Theses]. Michigan Technological University.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Chabab, S., P.Théveneau, C.Coquelet, J.Corvisier, and P.Paricaud. 2020. “Measurements and Predictive Models of High‐Pressure H2 Solubility in Brine (H2O+NaCl) for Underground Hydrogen Storage Application.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy45, no. 56: 32206–32220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.192.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Chenrai, P.2016. Seismic Stratigraphy and Fluid Flow in the Taranaki and Great South Basins Offshore New Zealand [A Thesis Submitted to the University of Manchester for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy]. University of Manchester.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Combaudon, V.2023. Mechanism and Quantification of Natural Hydrogen Generation Within Intracratonic Areas: The Sase of the Mid‐Rift System (Kansas, USA) [Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour]. https://theses.hal.science/tel‐04639861.
  16. Deville, E., and A.Prinzhofer. 2016. “The Origin of N2‐H2‐CH4‐Rich Natural Gas Seepages in Ophiolitic Context: A Major and Noble Gases Study of Fluid Seepages in New Caledonia.” Chemical Geology440: 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.011.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Donzé, F.‐V., N.Lefeuvre, L.Truche, Y.Yao, I.Vujevíc, and H.Dutoit. 2024. “Natural Hydrogen Exploration Within Western European and the Eastern Mediterranean Ophiolites and Ultramafic Complexes.” Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis24, no. 4: geochem2024‐043. https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2024‐043.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Dopffel, N., S.Jansen, and J.Gerritse. 2021. “Microbial Side Effects of Underground Hydrogen Storage – Knowledge Gaps, Risks and Opportunities for Successful Implementation.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy46, no. 12: 8594–8606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.12.058.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Ellis, G. S., and S. E.Gelman. 2024. “Model Predictions of Global Geologic Hydrogen Resources.” Science Advances10, no. 50: eado0955. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado0955.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Everts, A. J. W., J.Bonnie, and R.Loosveld. 2025. “Natural Hydrogen Development‐Potential and Challenges.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy142: 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.357.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Frery, E., L.Langhi, M.Maison, and I.Moretti. 2021. “Natural Hydrogen Seeps Identified in the North Perth Basin, Western Australia.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy46, no. 61: 31158–31173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.023.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Funnell, R., D.Chapman, R.Allis, and P.Armstrong. 1996. “Thermal State of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth101, no. B11: 25197–25215. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB01341.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Gauthier, A., T.Larvet, L.Le Pourhiet, and I.Moretti. 2024. “Water Budget in Flat vs. Steep Subduction: Implication for Volcanism and Potential for H2 Production.” BSGF Earth Sciences Bulletin195: 26. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2024026.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Gavey, R.2017. PEP 60093 Stage 1 Source Rock Geochemistry Report‐PR5456 (No. 1; Petroleum Report). NZP&M Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empowerment.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Gay, A., and S.Migeon. 2017. “Geological Fluid Flow in Sedimentary Basins.” Bulletin de La Société Géologique de France188, no. 4: E3. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2017200.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Gay, A., Y.Takano, W. P.Gilhooly Iii, et al. 2011. “Geophysical and Geochemical Evidence of Large Scale Fluid Flow Within Shallow Sediments in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, Offshore Louisiana.” Geofluids11, no. 1: 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468‐8123.2010.00304.x.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Giba, M., A.Nicol, and J. J.Walsh. 2010. “Evolution of Faulting and Volcanism in a Back‐Arc Basin and Its Implications for Subduction Processes.” Tectonics29, no. 4: TC4020. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009TC002634.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Guélard, J., V.Beaumont, V.Rouchon, et al. 2017. “Natural H2 in Kansas: Deep or Shallow Origin?” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems18, no. 5: 1841–1865. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006544.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Hoffmann, B.1992. “In Isolated Reduction Phenomenon in Red Beds: A Result of Porewater Radiolysis.” In Water‐Rock Interaction, edited by Y. K.Kharaka and A. S.Maest. Balkema.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hollis, C. J., M. J. S.Tayler, B.Andrew, et al. 2014. “Organic‐Rich Sedimentation in the South Pacific Ocean Associated With Late Paleocene Climatic Cooling.” Earth‐Science Reviews134: 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.006.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Hulston, J. R., D. R.Hilton, and I. R.Kaplan. 2001. “Helium and Carbon Isotope Systematics of Natural Gases From Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Applied Geochemistry16, no. 4: 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883‐2927(00)00045‐7.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Hunt, T.1978. “Stokes Magnetic Anomaly System.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics21, no. 5: 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1978.10424087.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hutchinson, I. P., O.Jackson, A. E.Stocks, A. C.Barnicoat, and S. R.Lawrence. 2024. “Greenstones as a Source of Hydrogen in Cratonic Sedimentary Basins.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications547, no. 1: 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP547‐2023‐39.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Huynh, H. L., J.Zhu, G.Zhang, et al. 2020. “Promoting Effect of Fe on Supported Ni Catalysts in CO2 Methanation by in Situ DRIFTS and DFT Study.” Journal of Catalysis392: 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.018.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Jackson, O., S. R.Lawrence, I. P.Hutchinson, A. E.Stocks, A. C.Barnicoat, and M.Powney. 2024. “Natural Hydrogen: Sources, Systems and Exploration Plays.” Geoenergy547, no. 1: 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1144/geoenergy2024‐002.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Killops, S. D., and A. D.Woolhouse. 1994. “A Geochemical Appraisal of Oil Generation in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” AAPG Bulletin78, no. 10: 1560–1585. https://doi.org/10.1306/A25FF21F‐171B‐11D7‐8645000102C1865D.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. King, P. R.2000a. New Zealand's Changing Configuration in the Last 100 Million Years: Plate Tectonics, Basin Development, and Depositional Setting, 131–145. Crown Minerals Ministry Economic Developement. WOS:000177511800016.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. King, P. R.2000b. “Tectonic Reconstructions of New Zealand: 40 ma to the Present.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics43, no. 4: 611–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2000.9514913.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. King, P. R., and P. H.Robinson. 1988. “An Overview of Taranaki Region Geology, New Zealand.” Energy Exploration & Exploitation6, no. 3: 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600304.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. King, P. R., and G. P.Thrasher. 1996. Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Geology and Petroleum Systems of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand /. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Klein, F., W.Bach, N.Jöns, T.McCollom, B.Moskowitz, and T.Berquó. 2009. “Iron Partitioning and Hydrogen Generation During Serpentinization of Abyssal Peridotites From 15° N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta73, no. 22: 6868–6893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.021.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Klein, F., W.Bach, and T. M.McCollom. 2013. “Compositional Controls on Hydrogen Generation During Serpentinization of Ultramafic Rocks.” Lithos178: 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.03.008.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Klein, F., J. D.Tarnas, and W.Bach. 2020. “Abiotic Sources of Molecular Hydrogen on Earth.” Elements16, no. 1: 19–24. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.16.1.19.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Knox, G. J.1982. “Taranaki Basin, Structural Style and Tectonic Setting.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics25, no. 2: 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1982.10421405.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Kroeger, K. F., R. H.Funnell, A.Nicol, M.Fohrmann, K. J.Bland, and P. R.King. 2013. “3D Crustal‐Scale Heat‐Flow Regimes at a Developing Active Margin (Taranaki Basin, New Zealand).” Tectonophysics591: 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.04.005.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Kroeger, K. F., H.Seebeck, G. P.Thrasher, M.Arnot, S.Bull, and G. P. D.Viskovic. 2021. “Reconstruction of Rapid Charge of a Giant Gas Field Across a Major Fault Zone Using 3D Petroleum Systems Modelling (Taranaki Basin, New Zealand).” Marine and Petroleum Geology130: 105121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105121.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Kutovaya, A., K. F.Kroeger, H.Seebeck, S.Back, and R.Littke. 2019. “Thermal Effects of Magmatism on Surrounding Sediments and Petroleum Systems in the Northern Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Geosciences9, no. 7: 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070288.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Laird, M. G., and J. D.Bradshaw. 2004. “The Break‐Up of a Long‐Term Relationship: The Cretaceous Separation of New Zealand From Gondwana.” Gondwana Research7, no. 1: 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342‐937X(05)70325‐7.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Lapi, T., P.Chatzimpiros, L.Raineau, and A.Prinzhofer. 2022. “System Approach to Natural Versus Manufactured Hydrogen: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on a New Primary Energy Source.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy47, no. 51: 21701–21712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.05.039.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Larin, N., V.Zgonnik, S.Rodina, E.Deville, A.Prinzhofer, and V. N.Larin. 2015. “Natural Molecular Hydrogen Seepage Associated With Surficial, Rounded Depressions on the European Craton in Russia.” Natural Resources Research24, no. 3: 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053‐014‐9257‐5.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. LaVerne, J. A., and L.Tandon. 2003. “H2 Production in the Radiolysis of Water on UO2 and Other Oxides.” Journal of Physical Chemistry B107, no. 49: 13623–13628. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp035381s.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Le Caër, S.2011. “Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production Under Ionizing Radiation.” Water3, no. 1: 235–253. https://doi.org/10.3390/w3010235.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Lefeuvre, N., E.Thomas, L.Truche, et al. 2024. “Characterizing Natural Hydrogen Occurrences in the Paris Basin From Historical Drilling Records.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems25, no. 5: e2024GC011501. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011501.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Lefeuvre, N., L.Truche, F.‐V.Donzé, et al. 2021. “Native H2 Exploration in the Western Pyrenean Foothills.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems22, no. 8: e2021GC009917. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009917.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Lefeuvre, N., L.Truche, F.‐V.Donzé, et al. 2022. “Natural Hydrogen Migration Along Thrust Faults in Foothill Basins: The North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust Case Study.” Applied Geochemistry145: 105396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105396.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Leila, M., I.El‐Sheikh, A.Abdelmaksoud, and A. A.Radwan. 2022. “Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Evolution of the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Sedimentary Successions in the Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration.” Marine Geophysical Research43, no. 2: 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001‐022‐09483‐z.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Leila, M., K.Loiseau, and I.Moretti. 2022. “Controls on Generation and Accumulation of Blended Gases (CH4/H2/he) in the Neoproterozoic Amadeus Basin, Australia.” Marine and Petroleum Geology140: 105643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105643.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Lévy, D., V.Roche, G.Pasquet, et al. 2023. “Natural H2 Exploration: Tools and Workflows to Characterize a Play.” Science and Technology for Energy Transition78: 27. https://doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023021.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Lin, L., J.Hall, J.Lippmann‐Pipke, et al. 2005. “Radiolytic H2 in Continental Crust: Nuclear Power for Deep Subsurface Microbial Communities.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems6, no. 7: 2004GC000907. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000907.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Liu, Z., M.Perez‐Gussinye, J.García‐Pintado, L.Mezri, and W.Bach. 2023. “Mantle Serpentinization and Associated Hydrogen Flux at North Atlantic Magma‐Poor Rifted Margins.” Geology51, no. 3: 284–289. https://doi.org/10.1130/G50722.1.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Lodhia, B., and L.Peeters. 2024. “The Migration of Hydrogen in Sedimentary Basins.” 64, no. 1: 186–194. https://doi.org/10.31223/X5K41F.
  62. Lollar, B. S., T. C.Onstott, G.Lacrampe‐Couloume, and C. J.Ballentine. 2014. “The Contribution of the Precambrian Continental Lithosphere to Global H2 Production.” Nature516, no. 7531: 379–382. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14017.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Lopez‐Lazaro, C., P.Bachaud, I.Moretti, and N.Ferrando. 2019. “Predicting the Phase Behavior of Hydrogen in NaCl Brines by Molecular Simulation for Geological Applications.” BSGF Earth Sciences Bulletin190: 7. https://doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2019008.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Lyon, J. R., and J. R.Hulston. 1984. “Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of New Zealand Geothmml Gases.” Geochimica et Cosmocehrmica48: 1161–1171.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Machel, H. G.2001. “Bacterial and Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in Diagenetic Settings—Old and New Insights.” Sedimentary Geology140, no. 1: 143–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037‐0738(00)00176‐7.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Maiga, O., E.Deville, J.Laval, A.Prinzhofer, and A. B.Diallo. 2023. “Characterization of the Spontaneously Recharging Natural Hydrogen Reservoirs of Bourakebougou in Mali.” Scientific Reports13, no. 1: 11876. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598‐023‐38977‐y.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Marcaillou, C., M.Muñoz, O.Vidal, T.Parra, and M.Harfouche. 2011. “Mineralogical Evidence for H2 Degassing During Serpentinization at 300°C/300 Bar.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters303, no. 3: 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.01.006.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. McCollom, T. M., and W.Bach. 2009. “Thermodynamic Constraints on Hydrogen Generation During Serpentinization of Ultramafic Rocks.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta73, no. 3: 856–875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.032.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. McCollom, T. M., F.Klein, M.Robbins, et al. 2016. “Temperature Trends for Reaction Rates, Hydrogen Generation, and Partitioning of Iron During Experimental Serpentinization of Olivine.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta181: 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.002.
     [Google Scholar]
  70. McCollom, T. M., and E. L.Shock. 1997. “Geochemical Constraints on Chemolithoautotrophic Metabolism by Microorganisms in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta61, no. 20: 4375–4391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016‐7037(97)00241‐X.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. McIntosh, J. C., and G.Ferguson. 2021. “Deep Meteoric Water Circulation in Earth's Crust.” Geophysical Research Letters48, no. 5: e2020GL090461. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090461.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. McMahon, C. J., J. J.Roberts, G.Johnson, K.Edlmann, S.Flude, and Z. K.Shipton. 2023. “Natural Hydrogen Seeps as Analogues to Inform Monitoring of Engineered Geological Hydrogen Storage.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications528, no. 1: 461–489. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP528‐2022‐59.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Merdith, A. S., I.Daniel, D.Sverjensky, et al. 2023. “Global Hydrogen Production During High‐Pressure Serpentinization of Subducting Slabs.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems24, no. 10: e2023GC010947. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC010947.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Milkov, A. V.2021. “New Approaches to Distinguish Shale‐Sourced and Coal‐Sourced Gases in Petroleum Systems.” Organic Geochemistry158: 104271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104271.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Moretti, I., P.Baby, P.Alvarez Zapata, and R. V.Mendoza. 2023. “Subduction and Hydrogen Release: The Case of Bolivian Altiplano.” Geosciences13, no. 4: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13040109.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Moretti, I., N.Bouton, J.Ammouial, and A.Carrillo Ramirez. 2024. “The H2 Potential of the Colombian Coals in Natural Conditions.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy77: 1443–1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.225.
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Moretti, I., A.Prinzhofer, J.Françolin, et al. 2021. “Long‐Term Monitoring of Natural Hydrogen Superficial Emissions in a Brazilian Cratonic Environment. Sporadic Large Pulses Versus Daily Periodic Emissions.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy46, no. 5: 3615–3628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.026.
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Morgans, H. E. G.2006. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Early Miocene to Pleistocene Sequences in Witiora‐1, Taimana‐1, Arawa‐1 and Okoki‐1 (GNS Science Report No. 37; p. 41p). GNS Science.
  79. Mortimer, N., H. J.Campbell, A. J.Tulloch, et al. 2017. “Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent.” GSA Today27: 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG321A.1.
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Mortimer, N., T.Christie, B.Brathwaite, and H.Campbell. 2019. “Regional Geological Framework of New Zealands Mineral Deposits.” In Mineral Deposits of New Zealand: Exploration and Research. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/1012.
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Muir, R. J., J. D.Bradshaw, S. D.Weaver, and M. G.Laird. 2000. “The Influence of Basement Structure on the Evolution of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Journal of the Geological Society157, no. 6: 1179–1185. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs.157.6.1179.
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Murray, J., A.Clément, B.Fritz, J.Schmittbuhl, V.Bordmann, and J. M.Fleury. 2020. “Abiotic Hydrogen Generation From Biotite‐Rich Granite: A Case Study of the Soultz‐Sous‐Forêts Geothermal Site, France.” Applied Geochemistry119: 104631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104631.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. NZOG . 1984. Witiora‐1 Completion Reports PPL‐38113, Offshore Taranaki (Well Report‐Completion No. PR1037; Petroleum Report). Ministry of Economic Development.
  84. Oldenburg, C. M., S.Mukhopadhyay, and A.Cihan. 2016. “On the Use of Darcy's Law and Invasion‐Percolation Approaches for Modeling Large‐Scale Geologic Carbon Sequestration.” Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology6, no. 1: 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.1564.
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Pajang, S., F.Mouthereau, A.Robert, A.Kumar, and J.‐P.Callot. 2025. “A Petro‐Physical Model for Serpentinized Mantle and Origin of Natural Hydrogen in the Pyrenees.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems26, no. 1: e2024GC011804. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011804.
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Pasquet, G., K.Loiseau, M.Diatta, et al. 2024. “Natural Hydrogen in the Northern Semail Ophiolite: A Case Study in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy110: 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.259.
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Prinzhofer, A., I.Moretti, J.Françolin, et al. 2019. “Natural Hydrogen Continuous Emission From Sedimentary Basins: The Example of a Brazilian H2‐Emitting Structure.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy44, no. 12: 5676–5685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.119.
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Prinzhofer, A., C. S.Tahara Cissé, and A. B.Diallo. 2018. “Discovery of a Large Accumulation of Natural Hydrogen in Bourakebougou (Mali).” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy43, no. 42: 19315–19326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.193.
     [Google Scholar]
  89. PTA . 2016. Evaluation of Potential Seals—Witiora 1, Maui South 1 and, Maui 2 Seal Study, Offshore Taranaki Basin (PR5350) [Petroleum Report]. NZP&M Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empowerment.
  90. PTA . 2018. Rock Property Evaluation: Paleocene and Cretaceous Reservoir and Seal Rock—Taranga‐1 and Witiora‐1, Offshore Taranaki Basin (Petroleum Report No. PR5648). NZP&M Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empowerment.
  91. Reilly, C., and H.Anderson. 2015. “Importance of Decompaction and Restoration for Temporal Fault Displacement and Fault Seal Analysis. Fourth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals, Almeria, Spain.” https://doi.org/10.3997/2214‐4609.201414090.
  92. Reilly, C., A.Nicol, J. J.Walsh, and K. F.Kroeger. 2016. “Temporal Changes of Fault Seal and Early Charge of the Maui Gas‐Condensate Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Marine and Petroleum Geology70: 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.11.018.
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Reilly, C., A.Nicol, J. J.Walsh, and H.Seebeck. 2015. “Evolution of Faulting and Plate Boundary Deformation in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.” Tectonophysics651: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.009.
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Reyes, A. G.2018. Fluid Inclusion Study of Sidewall Core Samples From Witiora‐1 and Taranga‐1 Wells, Offshore Taranaki Basin (Unpublished Petroleum Report PR5647 No. PR5647). New Zealand Petoleum and Minerals.
  95. Ridgway, N. M.1969. “Temperature and Salinity of Sea Water at the Ocean Floor in the New Zealand Region.” New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research3, no. 1: 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1969.9515278.
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Robinson, P. H., and P. R.King. 1988. “Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of the Taranaki Basin, Western New Zealand.” Energy Exploration & Exploitation6, no. 3: 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600306.
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Saspiturry, N., C.Allanic, and A.Peyrefitte. 2024. “Serpentinization and Magmatic Distribution in a Hyperextended Rift Suture: Implication for Natural Hydrogen Exploration (Mauléon Basin, Pyrenees).” Tectonics43, no. 8: e2024TC008385. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024TC008385.
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Schwartz, E., and B.Friedrich. 2006. “The H2‐Metabolizing Prokaryotes. The Prokaryotes.” In A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, edited by M.Dworkin, S.Falkow, E.Rosenberg, et al. Springer.
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Seebeck, H., G. P.Thrasher, and G. P.Viskovic. 2020. “Inversion History of the Northern Tasman Ridge, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Implications for Petroleum Migration and Accumulation.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics63, no. 3: 299–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2019.1695633.
     [Google Scholar]
  100. SEL . 1999. Fractured Basement Study: Well Taranga‐1, Offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand (No. PR2434; Petroleum Report). NZP&M Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empowerment.
  101. Smith, N.2016. Southern Taranaki VIRF Project—Phase II Report (No. 51906 PEP). NZP&M Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empowerment, Unpublished Report.
  102. Smith, N. J. P., T. J.Shepherd, M. T.Styles, and G. M.Williams. 2005. “Hydrogen Exploration: A Review of Global Hydrogen Accumulations and Implications for Prospective Areas in NW Europe.” Geological Society, London, Petroleum Geology Conference Series6, no. 1: 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1144/0060349.
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Sneider, R. M., J. S.Sneider, G. W.Bolger, and J. W.Neasham. 1997. “Comparison of Seal Capacity Determinations: Conventional Cores vs. Cuttings.” In Seals, Traps, and the Petroleum System, edited by R. C.Surdam, vol. 67, 1–12. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. https://doi.org/10.1306/M67611C1.
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Stagpoole, V., C. I.Uruski, R. H.Funnell, and D.Darby. 2001. Petroleum Potential of the Deepwater Taranaki Basin. Eastern Australian Basins Symposium 2001: A Refocused Energy Perspective for the Future, 115–119. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia.
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Stalker, L., A.Talukder, J.Strand, M.Josh, and M.Faiz. 2022. “Gold (Hydrogen) Rush: Risks and Uncertainties in Exploring for Naturally Occurring Hydrogen.” APPEA Journal62, no. 1: 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ21130.
     [Google Scholar]
  106. STOS . 1992. Taranga‐1 Well Completion Report‐ (Well Report No. PPL38444; Petroleum Report). Ministry of Economic Development.
  107. Strogen, D. P.2012. Regional Paleogeography and Implications for Petroleum Prospectivity, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand; #10432 (2012). AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition Abstracts, USA.
  108. Strogen, D. P., K. E.Higgs, A. G.Griffin, and H. E. G.Morgans. 2019. “Late Eocene – Early Miocene Facies and Stratigraphic Development, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: The Transition to Plate Boundary Tectonics During Regional Transgression.” Geological Magazine156, no. 10: 1751–1770. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756818000997.
     [Google Scholar]
  109. Strogen, D. P., H.Seebeck, A.Nicol, and P. R.King. 2017. “Two‐Phase Cretaceous–Paleocene Rifting in the Taranaki Basin Region, New Zealand; Implications for Gondwana Break‐Up.” Journal of the Geological Society174, no. 5: 929–946. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016‐160.
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Suggate, R. P.1974. “Coal Ranks in Relation to Depth and Temperature in Australian and New Zealand Oil and Gas Wells.” New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics17, no. 1: 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1974.10428482.
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Tian, Q., S.‐Q.Yao, M.‐J.Shao, W.Zhang, and H.‐H.Wang. 2022. “Origin, Discovery, Exploration and Development Status and Prospect of Global Natural Hydrogen Under the Background of “Carbon Neutrality”.” China Geology5: 722–733. https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022046.
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Truche, L., F.Bourdelle, S.Salvi, N.Lefeuvre, A.Zug, and E.Lloret. 2021. “Hydrogen Generation During Hydrothermal Alteration of Peralkaline Granite.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta308: 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.05.048.
     [Google Scholar]
  113. Truche, L., F.‐V.Donzé, C.Dusséaux, N.Lefeuvre, F.Brunet, and B.Malvoisin. 2022. The Quest for Native Hydrogen: New Directions for Exploration.
  114. Truche, L., F.‐V.Donzé, E.Goskolli, et al. 2024. “A Deep Reservoir for Hydrogen Drives Intense Degassing in the Bulqizë Ophiolite.” Science383, no. 6683: 618–621. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk9099.
     [Google Scholar]
  115. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . 2015. The Paris Agreement (COP21). https://unfccc.int/process‐and‐meetings/the‐paris‐agreement.
  116. Unwin, H. J. T., G. N.Wells, and A. W.Woods. 2016. “Dissolution in a Background Hydrological Flow.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics789: 768–784. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.752.
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Uruski, C., P.Baillie, and V.Stagpoole. 2003. “Development of the Taranaki Basin and Comparison With the Gippsland Basin: Implication for Deepwater Exploration.” APPEA Journal43, no. 1: 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ02009.
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Uruski, C., and R.Wood. 1991. “A New Look at the New Caledonia Basin, an Extension of the Taranaki Basin, Offshore North Island, New Zealand.” Marine and Petroleum Geology8, no. 4: 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264‐8172(91)90061‐5.
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Uruski, C. L.2008. “Deepwater Taranaki, New Zealand: Structural Development and Petroleum Potential.” Exploration Geophysics39, no. 2: 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1071/EG08013.
     [Google Scholar]
  120. Vidavskiy, V., and R.Rezaee. 2022. “Natural Deep‐Seated Hydrogen Resources Exploration and Development: Structural Features, Governing Factors, and Controls.” Journal of Energy & Natural Resources11, no. 3: 60–81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20221103.11.
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Worman, S. L., L. F.Pratson, J. A.Karson, and W. H.Schlesinger. 2020. “Abiotic Hydrogen (H2) Sources and Sinks Near the Mid‐Ocean Ridge (MOR) With Implications for the Subseafloor Biosphere.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences117, no. 24: 13283–13293. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002619117.
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Yuce, G., F.Italiano, W.D'Alessandro, et al. 2014. “Origin and Interactions of Fluids Circulating Over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and Relationships With the Hydrologic, Geologic and Tectonic Settings.” Chemical Geology388: 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.09.006.
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Zgonnik, V.2020. “The Occurrence and Geoscience of Natural Hydrogen: A Comprehensive Review.” Earth‐Science Reviews203: 103140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103140.
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Zgonnik, V., V.Beaumont, E.Deville, N.Larin, D.Pillot, and K. M.Farrell. 2015. “Evidence for Natural Molecular Hydrogen Seepage Associated With Carolina Bays (Surficial, Ovoid Depressions on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Province of the USA).” Progress in Earth and Planetary Science2, no. 1: 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645‐015‐0062‐5.
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Zgonnik, V., V.Beaumont, N.Larin, D.Pillot, and E.Deville. 2019. “Diffused Flow of Molecular Hydrogen Through the Western Hajar Mountains, Northern Oman.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences12, no. 3: 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517‐019‐4242‐2.
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Zhao, H., E. A.Jones, R. S.Singh, H. H. B.Ismail, and S.WahTan. 2023. “The Hydrogen System in the Subsurface: Implications for Natural Hydrogen Exploration. SPE‐216710‐MS, D031S106R005.” https://doi.org/10.2118/216710‐MS.
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078
Loading
Modelling Radiolytic Natural Hydrogen From a Fractured Basement: Generation, Migration, and Sequestration Potential (Taranaki Basin–New Zealand)
Basin Research 37, e70078 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70078
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.70078
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): abiotic methane; basin modelling; natural hydrogen; radiolysis

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error