Gradual deformation and iterative calibration of truncated Gaussian simulations

Recently, we proposed the gradual deformation approach for constraining stochastic models to dynamic data (well-tests and production history). In this paper, we review the basic gradual deformation algorithm and extend its application to different types of truncated Gaussian simulations (including non stationary truncated Gaussian and truncated pluri-Gaussian simulations). A case study on the calibration of a reservoir lithofacies model to well-test pressure data illustrates the efficiency of the gradual deformation approach.