Shift of a rift by a transform zone: a case from the Northern Rift Zone and Tjörnes Fracture Zone of Iceland

References

1. Ágústsson, K. & Guðnason, E.Á.
   2016. Focal Mechanism of Selected Earthquakes at Theistareykir. Short Report ÍSOR-16032. Prepared for Landsvirkjun [in Icelandic].
   [Google Scholar]
2. Corti, G.
   2008. Control of rift obliquity on the evolution and segmentation of the main Ethiopian rift. Nature Geoscience, 1, 258–262.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Decriem, J., Árnadóttir, T. et al.
   2010. The 2008 May 29 earthquake doublet in SW Iceland. Geophysical Journal International, 181, 1128–1146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04565.x
   [Google Scholar]
4. DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G. & Argus, D.F.
   2010. Geologically current plate motions. Geophysical Journal International, 181, 1–80.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Einarsson, P.
   1976. Relative location of earthquakes in the Tjörnes fracture zone. Societas Scientiarum Islandica, Greinar, V, 45–60.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Einarsson, P.
   1991. Earthquakes and present-day tectonism in Iceland. Tectonophysics, 189, 261–279.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Einarsson, P.
   2008. Plate boundaries, rifts and transforms in Iceland. Jökull, 58, 35–58.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Einarsson, P.
   2010. Mapping of Holocene surface ruptures in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Jökull, 60, 117–134.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Einarsson, P. & Björnsson, S.
   1979. Earthquakes in Iceland. Jökull, 29, 37–43.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Einarsson, P. & Brandsdóttir, B.
    1980. Seismological evidence for lateral magma intrusion during the July 1978 deflation of the Krafla volcano in NE Iceland. Journal of Geophysics, 47, 160–165.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Einarsson, P. & Sæmundsson, K.
    1987. Earthquake epicenters 1982–1985 and volcanic systems in Iceland. In: Sigfusson, Th.I. (ed.) Í hlutarins edli, Map Accompanying Festschrift for Th. Sigurgeirsson, Menningarsjódur, Reykjavík [in Icelandic].
    [Google Scholar]
12. Eiríksson, J.
    1981. Lithostratigraphy of the upper Tjörnes sequence, North Iceland: The Breidavík Group. Acta Naturalia Islandica, 29, 37.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Garcia, S., Angelier, J., Bergerat, F. & Homberg, C.
    2002. Tectonic analysis of an oceanic transform fault zone based on fault-slip data and earthquake focal mechanisms: the Húsavík-Flatey Fault zone, Iceland. Tectonophysics, 344, 157–174.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Geirsdóttir, Á, Miller, G.H. & Andrews, J.T.
    2007. Glaciation, erosion, and landscape evolution of Iceland. Journal of Geodynamics, 43, 170–186.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Geirsson, H., Árnadóttir, Th
    . et al.2010. Overview of results from continuous GPS observations in Iceland from 1995 to 2010. Jökull, 60, 3–22.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Gíslason, G., Johnsen, G.V., Ármannsson, H., Torfason, H. & Árnason, K.
    1984. Theistareykir: Surface Exploration of the High Temperature Area. National Energy Authority Report OS-84089/JHD-16 [in Icelandic].
    [Google Scholar]
17. Green, R.G., White, R.S. & Greenfield, T.
    2014. Motion in the north Iceland volcanic rift zone accommodated by bookshelf faulting. Nature Geoscience, 7, 29–33, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2012
    [Google Scholar]
18. Gunnarsson, K., Kjartansson, E., Árnason, K., Abensour, D. & Kristoffersen, Y.
    1996. Resource Exploration in Öxarfjörður. Seismic Reflection Studies on the Öxarfjörður Sands with the Vibroseis Method. Orkustofnun Report OS-96001/JHD-01 [in Icelandic].
    [Google Scholar]
19. Harðarson, B.S., Fitton, J.G., Ellam, R.M. & Pringle, M.S.
    1997. Rift relocation – a geochemical and geochronological investigation of a paleo-rift in northwest Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 153, 181–196.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Hjaltadóttir, S. & Vogfjörð, K.
    2011. Mapping of Fractures at Theistareykir and Bjarnarflag with High Resolution Locations of Microearthquakes. Landsvirkjun Report LV-2011-116 [in Icelandic].
    [Google Scholar]
21. Hjartardóttir, Á.R., Einarsson, P., Magnúsdóttir, S., Björnsdóttir, Þ. & Brandsdóttir, B.
    2016. Fracture systems of the Northern Volcanic Rift Zone, Iceland: an onshore part of the Mid-Atlantic plate boundary. In: Wright, T.J., Ayele, A., Ferguson, D.J., Kidane, T. & Vye-Brown, C. (eds) Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 420, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP420.1
    [Google Scholar]
22. Jancin, M., Young, K.D., Voight, B., Aronson, J.L. & Sæmundsson, K.
    1985. Stratigraphy and K/Ar ages across the west flank of the Northeast Iceland axial rift zone, in relation to the 7  Ma volcano-tectonic reorganization of Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 9961–9985.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Jakobsdóttir, S.S.
    2008. Seismicity in Iceland: 1994–2007. Jökull, 58, 75–100.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Jóhannesson, H.
    1980. Evolution of the rift zones in Western Iceland (in Icelandic, with English summary). Náttúrufræðingurinn, 50, 13–31.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Khodayar, M.
    2014. Shift of Theistareykir Fissure Swarm in Tjörnes Fracture Zone: Case of Pull-Apart on Strike-Slip?Iceland GeoSurvey Report ÍSOR-2014/074, LV-2014-144.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Khodayar, M. & Björnsson, S.
    2013. Preliminary Fracture Analysis of Theistareykir geothermal field and surroundings, Northern Rift Zone and Tjörnes Fracture Zone. Iceland GeoSurvey Report ÍSOR-2013-029. Prepared for the National Energy Company (Landsvirkjun), Report LV-2013-136.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Khodayar, M. & Björnsson, S.
    2014. Fault ruptures and geothermal effects of the second earthquake, 29 May 2008, South Iceland Seismic Zone. Geothermics, 50, 44–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.07.002
    [Google Scholar]
28. Khodayar, M., Björnsson, S., Karlsdóttir, R., Ágústsson, K. & Ólafsson, M.
    2015. Tectonic Control of Alteration, Gases, Resistivity, Magnetics and Gravity in Theistareykir Area. Implications for Northern Rift Zone and Tjörnes Fracture Zone. Iceland GeoSurvey Report ÍSOR-2015/002, LV-2015-039.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Magnúsdóttir, S. & Brandsdóttir, B.
    2011. Tectonics of the Theistareykir fissure swarm. Jökull, 61, 65–79.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Mamula, N. & Voight, B.
    1985. Tectonic analysis of lineaments near spreading axis, Northeastern Iceland. Tectonophysics, 116, 63–93.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Metzger, S., Jónsson, S., Danielsen, G., Hreinsdóttir, S., Jouanne, F. & Villemin, T.
    2012. The accumulated seismic moment of the locked Húsavík-Flatey fault, North Iceland, derived from an interseismic model using GPS time-series 1997–2010. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 14, EGU2012-7409.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Morley, C.K., Nelson, R.A., Patton, T.L. & Munn, S.G.
    1990. Transfer zones in the East African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts. AAPG Bulletin, 74, 1234–1253.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Rögnvaldsson, S.T., Gudmundsson, A. & Slunga, R.
    1998. Seismotectonic analysis of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, an active transform fault in north Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 30  117–30  129.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Sæmundsson, K.
    1978. Fissure swarms and central volcanoes of the neovolcanic zones of Iceland. In: Bowes, D.R. & Leake, B.E. (eds) Crustal Evolution in Northwestern Britain and Adjacent Regions. Geological Journal, 10, Special Issue, 415–432.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Sæmundsson, K.
    2007. Geology of Theistareykir. Iceland GeoSurvey Short Report ÍSOR-07270 [in Icelandic].
    [Google Scholar]
36. Sæmundsson, K., Hjartarson, Á, Kaldal, I., Sigurgeirsson, M.Á., Kristinsson, S.G. & Víkingsson, S.
    2012a. Geological Map of Northern Volcanic Zone, Iceland. Northern Part. 1:100  000. Iceland GeoSurvey and Landsvirkjun, Reykjavík.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Sæmundsson, K., Sigurgeirsson, M.Á. & Grönvold, K.
    2012b. Theistareykir. Geological Investigations of 2011. Iceland GeoSurvey Report ÍSOR-2012/024.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Símonarson, L. & Eiríksson, J.
    2008. Tjörnes – Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments and fauna. Jökull, 58, 331–342.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Stefánsson, R., Guðmundsson, G.B. & Halldórsson, P.
    2008. Tjörnes fracture zone. New and old seismic evidences for the link between the North Iceland rift zone and the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Tectonophysics, 447, 117–126.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Tibaldi, A., Bonali, F.L., Einarsson, P., Hjartardóttir, Á.R. & Pasquarè Mariotto, F.A.
    2016. Partitioning of Holocene kinematics and interaction between the Theistareykir Fissure Swarm and the Husavik-Flatey Fault, North Iceland. Journal of Structural Geology, 83, 134–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.01.003
    [Google Scholar]
41. Voight, B. & Mamula, N.Jr.
    1983. Structures and tectonics of northern Iceland. In: Estes, J.E. & Thorley, G.A. (eds) Thorley Manual of Remote Sensing, Volume 2. 2nd edn. American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA, USA, 1782–1786.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Wilson, J.T.
    1965. A new class of faults and their bearing on continental drift. Nature, 207, 343–347.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Wright, T.J., Sigmundsson, F. et al.
    2012. Geophysical constraints on the dynamics of spreading centres from rifting episodes on land. Nature Geoscience, 5, 242–250.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Young, K.D., Jancin, M., Voight, B. & Orkan, N.I.
    1985. Transform deformation of Tertiary rocks along the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, North Central Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 9986–10  010.
    [Google Scholar]