1887
Volume 31, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 1354-0793
  • E-ISSN:

Abstract

This study investigates the sedimentology and ichnology of the Asmari Formation's mixed siliciclastic–carbonate unit in the Shadegan oilfield, southwestern Iran. The Asmari Basin evolved significantly due to siliciclastic influx, climatic and sea-level fluctuations, and tectonic movements. It transitioned from an unmixed carbonate-dominated ramp to a siliciclastic-dominated delta system, then to a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate shoreface–offshore complex, and finally to a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic ramp with a barrier island–lagoon complex. This evolution highlights the dynamic nature of the environment, illustrating the transition from an unmixed carbonate ramp to a siliciclastic-dominated system, and mixed unit with both coeval and reciprocal sedimentation of siliciclastic and carbonate components. The recorded sedimentological heterogeneity, characterized by a variety of sediment types in the Asmari Formation's mixed deposits, has resulted in high ecological diversity and ichnological complexity, as shown by nine distinct ichnofabrics. This connection underscores the intricate interplay between sedimentological heterogeneity and ichnological complexity. The highest levels of bioturbation and ichnodiversity are observed in the wave-dominated shoreface–offshore complex and middle-ramp facies. The abundance of domiciles of suspension- and detritus-feeding polychaetes, suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalves, decapod crustaceans and scavenging organisms with sophisticated feeding strategies, and stable/mature populations indicates that the tracemakers in marine ichnofabrics were balanced with their environment. In contrast, the freshwater-influenced ecosystems, including the tidal-flat and back-barrier facies of the barrier-island complex and deltaic system, are dominated by opportunistic euryhaline species that thrive in varying environmental conditions. Ichnological insights from this study enhance our understanding of the depositional conditions and reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation and its equivalents in neighbouring regions.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London for GSL and EAGE. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), artificial intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. For permissions: https://www.lyellcollection.org/publishing-hub/permissions-policy. Publishing disclaimer: https://www.lyellcollection.org/publishing-hub/publishing-ethics

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2025-11-20
2026-01-19

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/content/journals/10.1144/petgeo2024-084
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New insights into the depositional system of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic reservoirs of the Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin: integrated sedimentological and ichnological analysis for depositional model enhancement
Petroleum Geoscience 31, petgeo2024-084 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2024-084
/content/journals/10.1144/petgeo2024-084
/content/journals/10.1144/petgeo2024-084
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