1887
Volume 2 Number 4
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Passive recordings of seismic noise are increasingly used in earthquake engineering to measure the shear‐wave velocity profile at a given site. Ambient vibrations, which are assumed to be mainly composed of surface waves, can be used to determine the Rayleigh‐wave dispersion curve, with the advantage of not requiring artificial sources. Due to the data uncertainties and the non‐linearity of the problem itself, the solution of the dispersion‐curve inversion is generally non‐unique. Stochastic search methods such as the neighbourhood algorithm allow searches for minima of the misfit function by investigating the whole parameter space. Due to the limited number of parameters in surface‐wave inversion, they constitute an attractive alternative to linearized methods. An efficient tool using the neighbourhood algorithm was developed to invert the one‐dimensional profile from passive or active source experiments. As the number of generated models is usually high in stochastic techniques, special attention was paid to the optimization of the forward computations. Also, the possibility of inserting information into the parametrization was introduced in the code.

This new numerical tool was successfully tested on synthetic data, with and without information. We also present an application to real‐array data measured at a site in Brussels (Belgium), the geology of which consists of about 115 m of sand and clay layers overlying a Palaeozoic basement. On this site, active and passive source data proved to be complementary and the method allowed the retrieval of a profile consistent with borehole data available at the same location.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2004018
2004-08-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AkiK.1957. Space and time spectra of stationary stochastic waves, with special reference to microtremors. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute35, 415–456.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. AkiK. and RichardsP.G.2002. Quantitative Seismology. 2nd edition, University Science Books.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. AstenM.W.1978. Geological control on the three‐component spectra of Rayleigh‐wave microseism. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America68, 1623–1636.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. AstenM.W. and HenstridgeJ.D.1984. Array estimators and use of micro‐seisms for reconnaissance of sedimentary basins. Geophysics49, 1828–1837.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. BachrachR., DvorkinJ. and NurM.A.2000. Seismic velocities and Poisson’s ratio of shallow unconsolidated sands. Geophysics65, 559–564.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. BardP.‐Y.1998. Microtremor measurements: A tool for site effect estimation? In: The Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion (eds Irikura, Kudo , Osaka and Sasatani ). Balkema.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. CaponJ.1969. High‐resolution frequency‐wavenumber spectrum analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE57, 1408–1418.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. ChouetB., De LucaG., MilanaG., DawsonP., MartiniM. and ScarpaR.1998. Shallow velocity structure of Stromboli Volcano, Italy, derived from small‐aperture array measurements of strombolian tremor. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America88, 653–666.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DunkinJ.W.1965. Computation of modal solutions in layered, elastic media at high frequencies. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America55, 335–358.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. FähD., KindF. and GiardiniD.2001. Atheoretical investigation of average H/V ratios,Geophysical Journal International145, 535–549.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. ForbrigerT.2003. Inversion of shallow‐seismic wavefields. Part 2: Infering subsurface properties from wavefield transforms. Geophysical Journal International153, 735–752.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. HaskellN.A.1953. The dispersion of surface waves on a multi‐layered medium. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America43, 17–34.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. HerrmannR.B.1987. Computer Programs in Seismology. St Louis University.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. HorikeM.1985. Inversion of phase velocity of long‐period microtremors to the S‐wave‐velocity structure down to the basement in urbanized areas. Journal of Physics of the Earth33, 59–96.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. IshidaH., NozawaT. and NiwaM.1998. Estimation of deep surface structure based on phase velocities and spectral ratios of long‐period microtremors. 2nd International Symposium on the Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Yokohama, Japan, 2, pp. 697–704.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. KnopoffL.1964. A matrix method for elastic wave problems. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America54, 431–438.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. KvaernaT. and RingdahlF.1986. Stability of various fk‐estimation techniques. In: Semiannual Technical Summary, 1 October 1985 ‐ 31 March 1986, NORSAR Scientific Report, 1‐86/87, Kjeller, Norway, pp. 29–40.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. LacossR.T., KellyE.J. and ToksözM.N.1969. Estimation of seismic noise structure using arrays. Geophysics34, 21–38.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. LomaxA.J. and SniederR.1994. Finding sets of acceptable solutions with a genetic algorithm with application to surface wave group dispersion in Europe. Geophysical Research Letters21, 2617–2620.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. MalagniniL., HerrmannR.B., BiellaG. and de FrancoR.1995. Rayleigh waves in Quaternary alluvium from explosive sources: determination of shear‐wave velocity and Q structure. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America85, 900–922.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. MalischewskyP.G. and F.Scherbaum.2004. Love’s formula and H/V‐ratio (ellipticity) of Rayleigh waves, Wave Motion40, 50–67
    [Google Scholar]
  22. MilanaG., BarbaS., Del PezzoE. and ZambonelliE.1996. Site response from ambient noise measurements: new perspectives from an array study in Central Italy. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America86, 320–328.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. MiyakoshiK., KagawaT. and KinoshitaS.1998. Estimation of geological structures under the Kobe area using the array recordings of microtremors. 2nd International Symposium on the Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Yokohama, Japan, 2, pp. 691–696.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. MurphyJ.R. and ShahH.K.1988. An analysis of the effects of site geology on the characteristics of near‐field Rayleigh waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America78, 64–82.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. NguyenF., Van RompaeyG., TeerlynckH., van CampM., JongmansD. and CamelbeeckT.2004. Use of microtremor measurement for assessing site effects in Northern Belgium interpretation of the observed intensity during the MS=5.0 June 11 1938 earthquake. Journal of Seismology8, 41–56.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. NoletG.1981. Linearized inversion of (teleseismic) data. In: The Solution of the Inverse Problem in Geophysical Interpretation (ed. R.Cassinis ), pp. 9–37. Plenum Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. OhoriM., NobataA. and WakamatsuK.2002. A comparison of ESAC and FK methods of estimating phase velocity using arbitrarily shaped microtremor arrays. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America92, 2323–2332.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. OhrnbergerM.2001. Continuous automatic classification of seismic signals of volcanic origin at Mt Merapi, Java, Indonesia. Dissertation, University of Potsdam.
  29. PressW.H., TeukolskyS.A., VetterlingW.T. and FlanneryB.P.1992. Numerical Recipes in Fortran,2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. RobertsJ.C. and AstenM.W.2004. Resolving a velocity inversion at the geotechnical scale using the microtremor (passive seismic) survey method. Exploration Geophysics35, 14–18.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. SambridgeM.1999. Geophysical inversion with a neighbourhood algorithm I. Searching a parameter space. Geophysical Journal International103, 4839–4878.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. SatohT., KawaseH. and MatsushimaS.I.2001. Differences between site characteristics obtained from microtremors, S‐waves, P‐waves, and codas. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America91, 313–334.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. ScherbaumF., HinzenK.‐G. and OhrnbergerM.2003. Determination of shallow shear wave velocity profiles in the Cologne/Germany area using ambient vibrations. Geophysical Journal International152, 597–612.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. SenM.K. and StoffaP.L.1991. Nonlinear one‐dimensional seismic waveform inversion using simulated annealing. Geophysics56, 1624–1638.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. StokoeK.H.II, RixG.J. and NazarianS.1989. In situ seismic testing with surface waves. Proceedings of the XII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 331–334.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. TarantolaA.1987. Inverse Problem Theory. Elsevier Science Publishing Co.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. ThomsonW.T.1950. Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium. Journal of Applied Physics21, 89–93.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. TokimatsuK.1995. Geotechnical site characterization using surface waves. In: Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering (ed. Ishihara), pp. 1333–1368. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. YamamotoH.1998. An experiment for estimating S‐wave velocity structure from phase velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves in microtremors. 2nd International Symposium on the Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Yokohama, Japan, 2, pp. 705–710.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. YoshizawaK. and KennettB.L.N.2002. Non‐linear waveform inversion for surface waves with a neighbourhood algorithm – application to multimode dispersion measurements. Geophysical Journal International149, 118–133.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2004018
Loading
/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2004018
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error