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Generally, the most common reason for low productivity of<br>gas wells in the offshore Mediterranean Sea operations of<br>Egypt is near-wellbore formation damage. Near-wellbore<br>formation damage, referred to as “skin” in petroleum<br>engineering parlance, causes a huge reduction in native<br>formation permeability, thus adversely affecting productivity.<br>Skin damage can occur from one or more of the following<br>reasons: mud and cement damage, mechanical damage from<br>drilling, damage from perforating guns, scale deposition,<br>paraffin and asphaltene depositions, water blocks, gas blocks,<br>acid sludges, emulsions, etc. Dependent upon the type of<br>damage, the stimulation technique will vary; however, the<br>prevalent techniques available to stimulate damaged<br>formations are hydraulic fracturing and matrix acid<br>stimulation.