Advances In Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Induction Techniques For Improved Discrimination And Identification Of Buried Unexploded Ordnance

Cost effective cleanup of lands contaminated with buried UXO requires significant advances<br>in our current capability to discriminate and identify UXO in cluttered environments.<br>Recently completed field tests have demonstrated that frequency domain sensors, such as<br>Geophex Ltd’s GEM-3, can reliably separate UXO targets from clutter objects based on their<br>complex broadband EM signatures. These field tests have also identified a number of areas<br>where improvements are needed before this technology is transitioned to full-scale UXO<br>cleanup applications. This paper describes our progress in addressing these needs, including<br>(a) improving our understanding of the GEM-3 phenomenology, (b) the development and<br>validation of physics-based analytical and numerical models of UXO target responses, and<br>(c) the development of improved multifrequency EM sensor prototypes. Recent<br>enhancements to our multifrequency EM data collection, visualization, and analysis systems<br>are described.