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The concepts of equivalent offset migration are extended to rugged topographies, prestack migration of<br>converted-wave (P-S) data, computation of residual statics before NMO correction, perform anisotropic prestack<br>depth migration, and prestack migration of vertical receiver array data from VSP’s or vertical marine cables.<br>These applications are all based on common scatter point (CSP) gathers, which are formed rapidly by summing<br>input data before any moveout computations.