Evaluation of Steam Flooding and Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) for a Fractured Carbonate Heavy Oil Reservoir

Although Steam injection is a potentially effective and efficient improved heavy oil recovery method, it can be extremely<br>challenging process in naturally fractured heavy oil reservoirs. Communication between matrix and fracture provides a<br>coupling of the two distinct and contrasting systems which results in a highly non-linear problem, if added complexity changes<br>in fluid properties due to the thermal effects of steam then it gets even more complicated. Accurate reservoir and fluid<br>characterization as well as steam injection operation parameters and dynamics are must for reliable modeling of such complex<br>process.