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It is shown that de resistivity and transient electromagnetic surface methods provide vital information about groundwater conditions within and underneath the site of waste burial. In particular, it is demonstrated that novel depth imaging techniques produce accurate information comparable to borehole data and that the fill materials in an old covered landfill site can be distinguished on the basis of their resistivity characteristics. The results of this study are used to stress the need for pre-drilling geophysical surveys in shallow depth geotechnical investigations.