Shallow Gas Overburden Characterization and Full Wavefield Modelling for Gas Clouds Imaging

Imaging complex subsurface like the gas clouds has always been challenging. Gas clouds are gas accumulation, trapped as an overburden that lowers P-wave velocities (Vp) and frequencies, disrupting transmitted energy and obscures events beneath it. Attenuation of seismic amplitude due to multiple scattering in thin layering of heterogeneous media was first reported by Anstey (1971). A nonlinear full waveform redatuming method proposed by Ghazali (2011) utilized multiple scattering phenomena which described the overburden as complex scattering and translated it to a transmission correction operator. Since it is a nonlinear full waveform inversion (FWI) method, it is important to characterize the rock properties in the gas clouds to identify factors that caused the formation of shallow overburden and help to constraint non-linear inversion results.