f Hydrocarbon Production from Oil Shales (Himmetoğlu-Hatıldağ)

The known producible oil and gas reserves are assumed to be diminishing or declining in near future. Deposits of oil shale are in many parts of the world. The alternative to oil and gas energy resources should be investigated. The oil shale sources especially in Western Anatolia Region should be focused to search its energy potential and oil productivity feasibilities technically, economically and commercially. Energy development is getting more important each day, especially for developing countries like Turkey. In order to decrease the dependency on energy exporting countries, alternative fossil fuel resources of Turkey need to be further investigated. Oil shale resources are the second largest fossil fuel resources of Turkey especially in Beypazarı – Bolu Mudurnu Göynük Himmetoğlu and Hatıldağ field. The most effective way of processing oil shales is the retort technique which is converting kerogen into synthetic crude oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The retort technique can be applied as surface or in situ retorting. For the mineable part of an oil shale resource, surface retorting is the most appropriate method. It is mostly a continuous process in which the raw oil shale undergoes pyrolysis under the effect of heat, yielding oil and waste products. Since it is a continuous process, it demands applying heat for an extended time, requiring a significant amount of energy. To minimize the energy consumption in retort technique, electromagnetic heating can be employed as an alternative recovery method. Oil shale is a general expression usually used for a finegrained sedimentary rock, containing significant amounts of kerogen, from which liquid hydrocarbons can be obtained.