Geophysical Monitoring: A New Tool for the Preservation of Architectural Monuments in Urbanised Areas

This work describes results of the first application of geophysical monitoring (GM) to architectural<br>monuments for their preservation. GM has proved effective in acquiring information on the physical fields<br>associated with active geological processes. Non-tidal gravity and total electrical conductivity variations<br>have shown that the studied buildings have been affected by groundwater that caused the inclination of the<br>Suyumbeki Tower, destruction of the annex of the Governor's Palace and fortress walls. Integrated<br>geophysical and geodesic surveys have proved geologically effective in studying groundwater dynamics,<br>neotectonic movements of the Kremlin Hill and fault zones, in the location of ancient buildings in the<br>cultural layer as well as in solving some other engineering problems.