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Modifying the Seismic Source Array Spectrum to Reduce the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals
- Publisher: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
- Source: Conference Proceedings, 75th EAGE Conference & Exhibition - Workshops, Jun 2013, cp-349-00035
- ISBN: 978-90-73834-49-1
Abstract
Acoustic injury criteria for marine mammals are well defined and they are applicable to seismic sources. Several studies have suggested that marine seismic sources emit more high-frequency energy than is required for imaging. I show how the extent of the injury zone can be reduced by using a source array with an output spectrum that is partially attenuated at higher frequencies while probably not compromising image quality.