Onshore Low Frequency Acquisition for Full Waveform Inversion – from Field Trials to State of the Art Production Surveys

Following a series of field tests, low frequency acquisition and processing and Full Waveform Inversion techniques have been applied successfully in 3D, long offset, Wide Azimuth surveys from the Middle East. The field testing evolved from downhole testing of vibrator sweeps to an extensive high channel count 2D line test. The development of low frequency acquisition techniques has been accompanied by testing and maturation of Full Waveform Inversion techniques, eventually leading to high quality velocity model estimates for state of the art onshore data.