Thermal Well Stimulation in Gas Shales Through Oxygen Injection and Combustion

The amount of extracted natural gas from low permeable organic rich shale has increased rapidly over the past decade. The technologies used to improve the permeability of a shale gas reservoir are horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The potential environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing motivates research aiming at alternative permeability enhancement methods.

In this paper we investigate the possibility of in-situ combustion to improve permeability. We consider two possibilities for the in-situ fuel source, viz., methane or kerogen.

A one dimensional model is considered. Under simplifying hypotheses a quasi-analytical solution for the corresponding Riemann problem is obtained using advanced mathematical techniques. The solution was analysed with parameters that correspond to resonance conditions, i.e., conditions for which the speeds of the heat wave and the combustion wave are equal. We conclude that methane combustion cannot generate enough heat to enhance the permeability. However kerogen, if present in sufficient quantities, makes this possible. We present the set of parameters for which the combustion reaches the optimal temperature to improve the permeability.

Finally we validate the analytical approximation with direct numerical simulations. With the numerical model we can calculate the pressure distribution in the reservoir and the production improvement by the thermal treatment.