4C Seismic Monitoring on Land in The Netherlands - Results for Acquisition Design

In this paper experimental results are shown for 4C seismic monitoring on land. First, the depth dependency of receiver responses are shown, where the effect of burial is most significant on the horizontal components for shallow depths (< 10 m). At larger depths, the effect of burial on the vertical components becomes significant. Second, in deltaic areas where water is abundantly present (such as in The Netherlands) it is shown that using hydrophones for monitoring is advantageous compared to geophones when P-wave energy is the main desired signal. Third, the monitoring stations easily pick up the local earthquakes, induced by gas extraction in the area under consideration. These earthquakes can be used as seismic sources in the future, e.g., for seismic interferometry experiments. Fourth, in a new era of fast internet (> Tbit/s) it becomes possible to send all the seismic data real-time to a very fast supercomputer (IBM Blue Gene). The network in the Netherlands becomes equipped with dealing with such large data streams and data sets.