Advancements in 3D Subsurface Modeling Using Refraction Data

Recent advancements in refraction data analysis have increased the ability to image geologic features, provide better presentation, and offer additional benefits from refraction results. The end product from a refraction investigation can be either a 2D image or a full 3D model, as presented here. Full 3D earth models can be used for many purposes after the geophysical survey is complete. That is, subsurface physical property data in 3D model space permits site assessment from a new perspective. For example: structural loading, seismic loading, or construction excavation requirements can be evaluated using 3D model results. <br> <br>This paper presents an advanced approach to refraction data processing, presentation, and visualization, using the "Geostructural Analysis Package" (GAP). GAP incorporates several numerical modeling processes: discrete element method, particle flow code, finite differencing, and the material point method. These four numerical modeling methods have been combined and optimized for seismic applications. GAP is an innovative tool that allows better data analysis and presentation that can be used to produce 3D volumetric models for further site analysis. A set of model results from a case history are presented to demonstrate the benefit of processing refraction data using this new approach. GAP represents the newest advancement in subsurface modeling using engineering-scale seismic data. <br>