5D Interpolation Using Azimuth Moveout (AMO) and Offset Vector Tiles (OVT)

Azimuth Moveout (AMO) is wave-equation operator that can be effectively applied to interpolate and regularize 5-D seismic data and improve the accuracy, illumination and imaging of structurally complex targets. AMO is strictly derived from the wave equation and therefore carries the correct kinematic, phase and amplitude transformation. The dipping events are moved correctly when transforming or interpolating the data and diffractions are preserved in a manner that is consistent with the wave equation. This property sets AMO apart as a seismic interpolator from more conventional ones. The AMO operator rotates the azimuth and modifies the offset of 3-D prestack data. It is analytically derived by cascading the forward and inverse 3-D DMO.

Traditionally, AMO was designed to address the marine acquisition shortcomings, and regularize common azimuth data. Typical implementation in time-space domain or frequency-wavenumber domain were primarily designed for 4-D data output. The recent focus by exploration and production companies on wide azimuth data both onshore and offshore creates the need to extend the AMO implementation to 5-D, by using offset vector tiles (OVT) to control the output geometry.