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Numerous laboratory studies show that oil recovery by waterflooding can depend on the composition of<br>the injected water. In particular, low salinity water injection has been shown to improve oil recovery in<br>both laboratory core floods and field pilot tests. While the presence of clay, crude oil, and an initial water<br>saturation have all been identified as minimal and necessary conditions for increased recovery from clastic<br>rocks, their relationship as well as other relevant conditions remain uncertain.