oa Direct Conditioning of Fine-Scale Facies Models to Dynamic Data by Combining Gradual Deformation and Numerical Upscaling Techniques

Updating reservoir models through dynamic data integration requires the solution of an inverse problem that may be computationally intensive for multi-million cells geological models. History matching is commonly performed using upscaled flow simulation models without updating the original fine grid geological model. In this way, the drawback is that the consistency with the geostatistical parameters is no longer ensured.