Monitoring Creep Movements by Seismic Refraction

The Italian Apenninic area is a well known example of hydrogeological and landslide hazard, due to recent largely incoherent shallow formations like clay, sandstone, flysch. When artifacts must be built as roads, bridges, dams..., a very careful study of buried geology and lithological properties must be performed in advance, resorting to intensive geotechnical and geophysical surveys, to evaluate both geometry and mechanical properties of the shallowest formations.