On-line Estimation of the Seismic Source Signature on a Shot-by-Shot Basis

The concept of using near-field measurements of the radiated signals from individual guns to estimate the wavefield from the marine source was first proposed by Ziolkowski et al. (1982). The technique, which has become known as the "notional source method", has been extended and optimized to enable the on-line production of a reliable and accurate estimate of the far-field signature, on a shot-by-shot basis.