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Abstract

Summary

Weighted stacking can improve 4D difference volumes from multiple realisations of 4D difference data. Multiple realisations can be produced using wavefield separation (PZ summation or spectrally-shaped deghosting), data selection (rank-1 and rank-2 outputs from 4D binning), or diverging processing flows. However, stack weights based only on 4D difference data can only reduce noise that is incoherent across the 4D differences. More powerful noise-reducing data weights can be formulated using the 3D images as well as the 4D differences, enabling 4D signal to be separated from noise that is incoherent and also noise that is coherent across multiple realisations of 4D difference but not repeated in both baseline and monitor 3D images (e.g. residual multiple in the monitor). Examples using broadband towed-streamer base and monitor from the North Sea, and mixed-mode towed-streamer base and ocean-bottom monitor from deep water, show considerable uplift to the final 4D difference. This type of noise attenuation is an attractive option where the illumination and sampling of base and monitor cannot be matched accurately in processing and imaging.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201412559
2015-06-01
2024-04-24

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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201412559
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Multi-realisation 4D Noise Attenuation
Conference Proceedings 2015, 1 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201412559
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201412559
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201412559
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