Using seismic refraction and 2-D electrical imaging methods to detect boulders in Penang, Malaysia

The hot and wet condition are the main factor in speeding-up the physical and chemical weathering process, as well as creating fractures on the rock. Further erosion and weathering will cause the rock to break into boulders, and eventually form a thick blanket of soil. The occurrence of landslide in Malaysia is believed primarily due to the unusual thick soil profile and high rainfall. Buried boulders can also disrupt civil engineering projects especially piling and hill cutting.