Full Field Array Electromagnetics - Advanced EM from the Surface to the Borehole, Exploration to Reservoir Monitoring

Increasing production efficiency and monitoring water/steam/CO2 movements are key issues for hydrocarbon production and geothermal reservoir monitoring. Similar technical issues exist for CO2 storage applications. They can be addressed with borehole and surface electromagnetic measurements, which are sensitive to fluid variations in the pore space. At the same time linking the electromagnetics (EM) information to 3D surface and borehole seismic data permits extrapolation to the inter-well space. Evaluating several reservoir dynamic monitoring methods and technologies leads to a practical concept of Full Field Fluid Monitoring with electromagnetics. Our implementation includes marine and land sources and receivers, surface-to-borehole arrays and a single well system that can look tens or even 100 m around the wellbore and ahead of the drill bit. On land we distinguish between exploration and production applications. For exploration it is essential to distinguish resistive and conductive targets equally well. To do this we can use natural field magnetotellurics (MT) for conductive targets like sediment thickness or geothermal targets. For resistive targets such as hydrocarbon reservoirs, we add Controlled Source ElectroMagnetics (CSEM) with a dipole transmitter. For ease of operation it is thus easiest to measure all EM components.