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The Pri-Caspian Basin straddles the border of Russia and Kazakhstan and is one of the major oil and gas basins<br>in the world, with many giant fields and discoveries, and very substantial remaining exploration potential<br>(estimated by the USGS to be in the order of 15 bln boe). Shell has had an active presence in the region for more<br>than 15 years and has participated in a number of ventures, most of them still ongoing (see Fig 1), resulting in<br>eleven declared discoveries.