1887

Abstract

Summary

In this paper we consider the use of, time-domain electromagnetic, DC electrical and injection-production data in isolation and in combinations in order to investigate their potential for monitoring spatial fluid saturation changes within reservoirs undergoing enhanced oil recovery. We specifically consider two scenarios, a CO2 EOR within a relatively shallow reservoir, and a water flood within a deep carbonate reservoir. The recognition of the signal-enhancing role that electrically high conductivity steel well casings play makes the use of EM data possible in both these scenarios.

The work has demonstrated that reservoir fluid saturation changes from EOR processes produce observable changes in surface electric fields when surface-to-borehole (deep reservoirs), and surface-to-surface (shallow reservoirs) configurations are used and the steel well casings are accurately modeled. Coupled flow and TDEM data inversion can significantly improve estimate of fluid saturation levels and location compared to inversion of flow data only. The inversion of surface time-domain electric fields, including DC fields can resolve volumetric and resistivity differences that can distinguish between various water flood scenarios. Coupled flow and DC data can resolve the size and orientation of elongated fracture zones within limits that are considered a significant improvement over estimates made with traditional data.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201601658
2016-05-30
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Aghasi, A., Kilmer, M., Miller, E.L.
    [2011] Parametric Level Set Methods for Inverse Problems. SIAM J. Imaging Sciences, 4, 2, 618–650.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. CommerM. and NewmanG.A.
    [2006] An accelerated time domain finite difference simulation scheme for three-dimensional transient electromagnetic modeling using geometric multigrid concepts. Radio Science, 41, 1–15.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Commer, M., M.B.Kowalsky, J.Doetsch, G.Newman, and S.Finsterle
    . [2014] MPiTOUGH2: A parallel parameter estimation framework for hydrological and hydrogeophysical applications, Computers & Geosciences, 65, 127–135.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Haber, E. and Heldmann, S.
    [2007] An OcTree Multigrid Method for Quasi-Static Maxwell’s Equations with Highly Discontinuous Coefficients. J. of Comp. Phys., 223, 783–796.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hoversten, G.M., Commer, M., Haber, E., Schwarzbach, C.
    [2014] Hydro-frac Monitoring Using ground time-domain electromagnetics. Geophysical Prospecting, 63, 1508–1526.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. McMillan, M.S., Schwarzbach, C., Oldenburg, D.W., Haber, E., Holtham, E., Prikhodko, A.
    [2014] Recovering a thin dipping conductor with 3D electromagnetic inversion over the Caber deposit. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. 1729–1724.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Sallar, A., Bierly, L., Shafer, D., and Owens, L.
    [2014] Contrasting Styles of San Andres Reservoirs: Vacuum Versus Slaughter Fields, Middle Permian, West Texas and Southeast New Mexico. Adapted from oral presentation at AAPG Annual convention and Exhibition, Long Beach, California, USA, April 22–25, 2012. http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2012/20168saller/ndx_saller.pdf
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201601658
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201601658
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error