1887

Abstract

Summary

The question whether multiples are signal or noise is subject of ongoing debate. In this paper we consider correlation and deconvolution imaging methods and analyse to what extent multiples contribute to the image in these methods. Our starting point is the assumption that at a specific depth level the full downgoing and upgoing fields (both including all multiples) are available. First we show that by cross correlating the full downgoing and upgoing wave fields, primaries and multiples contribute to the image. This image is not true-amplitude and is contaminated by cross-talk artefacts. Next we show that by deconvolving the full upgoing field by the full downgoing field, multiples do not contribute to the image. We use minimum-phase arguments to explain this somewhat counterintuitive conclusion. The deconvolution image is true-amplitude and not contaminated by cross-talk artefacts.

The conclusion that multiples do not contribute to the image applies to the type of deconvolution imaging analysed in this paper, but should not be extrapolated to other imaging methods. On the contrary, much research is dedicated to using multiples for imaging, for example in full wavefield migration, resonant migration and Marchenko imaging.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201700797
2017-06-12
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Amundsen, L.
    [2001] Elimination of free-surface related multiples without need of the source wavelet. Geophysics, 66(1), 327–341.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anstey, N.A. and O’Doherty, R.F.
    [1971] Reflections on amplitudes. Geophysical Prospecting, 19, 430–458.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bakulin, A. and Calvert, R.
    [2006] The virtual source method: Theory and case study. Geophysics, 71(4), SI139–SI150.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Behura, J., Wapenaar, K. and Snieder, R.
    [2014] Autofocus Imaging: Image reconstruction based on inverse scattering theory. Geophysics, 79(3), A19–A26.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Berkhout, A.J.
    [1974] Related properties of minimum-phase and zero-phase time functions. Geophysical Prospecting, 22(4), 683–709.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Davydenko, M. and Verschuur, D.J.
    [2017] Full-wavefield migration: using surface and internal multiples in imaging. Geophysical Prospecting, 65, 7–21.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Guo, B., Yu, J., Huang, Y., Hanafy, S.M. and Schuster, G.T.
    [2015] Benefits and limitations of imaging multiples: Interferometric and resonant migration. The Leading Edge, 34, 802–806.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Mehta, K., Bakulin, A., Sheiman, J., Calvert, R. and Snieder, R.
    [2007] Improving the virtual source method by wavefield separation. Geophysics, 72(4), V79–V86.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Minato, S. and Ghose, R.
    [2016] Enhanced characterization of fracture compliance heterogeneity using multiple reflections and data-driven Green’s function retrieval. Journal of Geophysical Research, 121, 2813–2836.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Robinson, E.A.
    [1954] Predictive decomposition of seismic traces with applications to seismic exploration. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Valenciano, A. and Chemingui, N.
    [2015] Introduction to this special section: Multiples from attenuation to imaging. The Leading Edge, 34, 742.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Verschuur, D.J. and Berkhout, A.J.
    [2015] From removing to using multiples in closed-loop imaging. The Leading Edge, 34, 744–759.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Wapenaar, C.P.A. and Berkhout, A.J.
    [1986] Wave-field extrapolation techniques for inhomogeneous media which include critical angle events. Part III: Applications in modeling migration and inversion. Geophysical Prospecting, 34(2), 180–207.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Wapenaar, K., Broggini, F., Slob, E. and Snieder, R.
    [2013] Three-dimensional single-sided Marchenko inverse scattering, data-driven focusing, Green’s function retrieval, and their mutual relations. Physical Review Letters, 110, 084301.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Wapenaar, K., Fokkema, J., Dillen, M. and Scherpenhuijsen, P.
    [2000] One-way acoustic reciprocity and its applications in multiple elimination and time-lapse seismics. In: SEG, Expanded Abstracts. 2377–2380.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Wapenaar, K., van der Neut, J. and Slob, E.
    [2017] On the role of multiples in Marchenko imaging. Geophysics, 82(1), A1–A5.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., van der Neut, J., Broggini, F., Slob, E. and Snieder, R.
    [2014] Marchenko imaging. Geophysics, 79(3), WA39–WA57.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Weglein, A.B.
    [2015] Primaries - The only events that can be migrated and for which migration has a meaning. The Leading Edge, 34, 808–813.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201700797
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201700797
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error