1887

Abstract

Summary

Our scope of investigation is to investigate the following aspects: (1) The restricted depositional environment of black shale in an oxidising depositional environment of turbidite; and (2) The possibility of terrigenous-derived organic matter to transport from continental shelf to the inner or outer fan. A detailed facies analysis of the Semanggol Formation was carried out in three sections in the Gunung Semanggol, Baling and Nami areas to understand the occurrence and geology of black shale in turbidite. The Semanggol Formation comprises of four facies types: conglomerate, sandstone, rhythmically bedded sandstone and mudstone with mass transport deposit and black shale. The depositional process is high- to low-density turbidity current, followed by sandy and muddy debris flows and suspension fallout. Black shale of Semanggol Formation was deposited in an outer fan environment due to deposition of turbidite sheets with typical Bouma structure. The chemical equilibration with ambient water under oxidizing condition produces association of minerals that separate the oxygen depleted suspensates at the bottom of black shale beds. The type of organic matter in black shale is terrigenous-derived because of the microbial degradation that specifically affects the marine-derived organic matter, leaving behind terrigenous-derived organic matter in the black shale.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201701271
2017-06-12
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Alexander, J. B., Paton, J. R. and Jones, C. R.
    [1959] Geology and palaeontology in Malaya. Nature, 183, 230–232.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen, J. R. L.
    [1982] Structures and sequences related to gravity-current surges. In: Sedimentary Structures. Their Character and Physical Basis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 395–431.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Baioumy, H., Ulfa, Y., NawawiM., Padmanabhan, E. and Anuar, M. N. A.
    [2016] Mineralogy and geochemistry of Palaeozoic black shales from Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for their origin and maturation. International Journal of Coal Geology, 165, 90–105.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Basir, J. and Zaiton, H.
    [2007] Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the chert unit of the Semanggol Formation. Geological Society of Malaysia, 53, 103–109.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Beaubouef, R. T., Rossen, C., Zelt, F. B., Sullivan, D. C., Mohrig, D. C. and Jennette, D. C.
    [1999] Deep-water sandstones, Brushy Canyon Formation, West Texas. AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series, 40.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bouma, A. H.
    [1962)] Sedimentology of some flysch deposits: A graphic approach to facies interpretation. Elsevier, 168.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Burton, C. K.
    [1973] Mesozoic. In: D. J. G, C. S. I. H. (Eds.), Geology of the Malay Peninsula. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 97–141.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Degens, E. T., Emeis, K.-C., Mycke, B. and Wiesner, M. G.
    [1986] Turbidites, the principal mechanism yielding black shales in the early deep Atlantic Ocean. Geological Society of London, 21, 361–376.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Garcia, M., Ercilla, G., Alonso, B., Estrada, F., Jane, G., Mena, A., Alves, T. and Juan, C.
    [2015] Deep-water turbidite systems: A review of their elements, sedimentary processes and depositional models. Their characteristics on the Iberian margins. Research Gate, 192–217.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Huc, A. Y., Bertrand, P., Stow, D. A. V., Gayet, J. and Vandenbroucke, M.
    [2001] Organic sedimentation in deep offshore settings: The Quarternary sediments approach. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 18(4), 513–517.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lowe, D. R.
    [2004] Deepwater sandstones: Submarine canyon to basin plain, Western California. American Association of Petroleum Geologists and The Pacific Section AAPG 2004, Special Publication GB 79, 79.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Metcalfe, I.
    [1990] Lower and middle Triassic conodonts from the Jerus limestone, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Science, 4, 141–146.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Mulder, T. and Alexander, J.
    [2001] The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits. Sedimentology, 48, 269–299.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Mutti, E.
    [1992] Turbidite sandstones. Agip, San Donato Milanese, 275.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Mutti, E. and Ricci Lucci, F.
    [1978] Turbidites of the northern Apennines: Introduction to facies analysis. Int. Geol. Rev, 20, 125–166.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Summerhayes, C. P.
    [1985] Organic rich Cretaceous sediments from the North Atlantic. In: J.Brooks and A. J.Fleet, Marine Petroleum Source Rocks, Blackwell, Oxford, in press.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Summerhayes, C. P. and Masran, T. C.
    [1983] Organic facies of Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 534 in the Blake-Bahama Basin, western North Atlantic. In: R. E.Sheridan, F. M.Gradstein et al., Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, 76. U.S. Govt, Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 469–480.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Talling, P. J., Masson, D. G., Sumner, E. J. and Malgesini, G.
    [2012] Subaqueous sediment density flows: Depositional processes and deposit types. Sedimentology, 59, 1937–2003.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Zhou, C. M. and Jiang, S. Y.
    [2009] Palaeoceonographic redox environments for the lower Cambrian Hetang Formation in South China: Evidence from pyrite framboids, redox-sensitive trace elements, and sponge biota occurrence. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 271, 279–286.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201701271
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201701271
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error