Efficient integration of 4D seismic data in history matching with ensemble methods.

The development of the Fast Model Update workflow for integrated reservoir modelling, including use of ensemble methods for history matching has opened for new opportunities for integration of 4D seismic observations into the model. All the individual modelling steps from depth conversion and structural modelling to gridding, property modelling and flow simulations is set up in one automated workflow. Forward modelling of 4D seismic data can be added to the end of the workflow. Many realisations of the model are run in parallel, and the misfit between the observations and the simulated response is used to update the input parameters. Adding 4D seismic observations in the misfit calculation is feasible, for different types of 4D attributes. Case examples show that this can lead to improvement in history match, alternative solutions, and new learning about the reservoir that can be important for the model prediction.