1887

Abstract

Summary

A distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) based on wavelength-scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometer (WS-COTDR) is tested in an underground gas storage based on a multimode fiber for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The WS-COTDR acquires the reflection spectrum by scanning the wavelength of the laser and uses the spectra to calibrate strain. It overcomes the fading problem which is common for all DAS systems, and possesses the advantage of simple configuration and low-cost. The working principle of the system is well explained and the measurement results are presented. Various artificial and natural acoustic events have been successfully detected by the WS-COTDR. Such a sensor demonstrates several advantages over the traditional DAS systems, so it is supposed to be widely used in the oil and gas industry.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202131010
2021-03-01
2024-04-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ghahfarokhi, R.K., Wilson, H.T., Carr, R.T., Kumar, A., Hammack, R. and Di, H.
    [2019] Integrating distributed acoustic sensing, borehole 3C geophone array, and surface seismic array data to identify long-period long-duration seismic events during stimulation of a Marcellus Shale gas reservoir.Interpretation, 7, SA1–SA10.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Großwig, S., Dijk, H., Den Hartogh, M., Pfeiffer, T., Rembe, M., Perk, M. and Domurath, L.
    [2019] Leakage detection in a casing string of a brine production well by means of simultaneous fibre optic DTS/DAS measurements.Oil Gas European Magazine, 45(4), 112–120.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Liehr, S., Münzenberger, S. and Krebber, K.
    [2018] Wavelength-scanning coherent OTDR for dynamic high strain resolution sensing.Optics Express, 26(8), 10573–10588.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Liehr, S., Jäger, L.A., Karapanagiotis, C., Münzenberger, S. and Kowarik, S.
    [2019] Real-time dynamic strain sensing in optical fibers using artificial neural networks.Optics Express, 27(5), 7405–7425.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Lu, X., Soto, M.A., and Thévenaz, L.
    [2017] Temperature-strain discrimination in distributed optical fiber sensing using phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry, Opt. Express25(14), 16059–16071.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Lu, X., and Thomas, P.J.
    [2020a] Numerical modeling of Fcy OTDR sensing using a refractive index perturbation approach.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 38(4), 974–980.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Lu, X., Soto, M.A., Thomas, P.J. and Kolltverit, E.
    [2020b] Evaluating phase errors in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry based on I/Q demodulation.Journal of Lightwave Technology, 38(15), 4133–4141.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202131010
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202131010
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error