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The protection of natural and near-natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important in today’s society. Due to centuries of mining, industrial, agricultural and infrastructural use of soils and waters in large parts of the world, their condition has deteriorated almost continuously because of human activity. The increase in extreme weather events caused by climate change has further intensified this development in recent years. In order to preserve or, if possible, to improve the near-natural areas, a large-scale but also precise environmental monitoring is necessary, which cannot be achieved by measurements and observations on site (in-situ) alone. In addition, the change in the availability of raw materials and therefore the different requirements on mining projects make it necessary to implement integrated monitoring systems.
The use of currently available methods of remote sensing and photogrammetry shows promising approaches to close the existing data gaps both in spatial and temporal extent. For this purpose, a three-stage monitoring system, consisting of satellite, UAV and in-situ data, has been developed and used in various projects at the Research Center of Post-Mining.