Suppressing 4D-noise induced by coordinate inaccuracies using a receiver-extension FWI strategy

This work investigates the portability of a receiver-extension full-waveform inversion (FWI) strategy to alleviate 4D noises caused by receiver coordinate inaccuracies. The receiver-extension scheme contemplates a new degree of freedom associated with the receiver positioning in the FWI procedure to decrease kinematic mismatches between modelled and observed data. We consider a realistic deepwater Brazilian pre-salt setting using a conventional ocean bottom node (OBN) acquisition by employing three different time-lapse approaches: sequential bootstrap 4D FWI (inverting the monitor data starting from the retrieved baseline model), parallel 4D FWI (conducting independent FWIs using baseline and monitor data from the same initial model), and central-difference 4D FWI (performing two sequential bootstraps FWIs). The results revealed that combining the central-difference time-lapse scheme with the receiver-extension FWI strategy provides much cleaner time-lapse estimates, mitigating non-repeatability (NR) issues associated with receiver-positing inaccuracies.